达利欧清空桥水股份:半世纪掌舵终结,汶莱基金接手20%股权

比推Опубліковано о 2025-08-01Востаннє оновлено о 2025-08-01

作者:Mickey 帽鼠,动区动趋 BlockTempo

原标题:桥水达利欧「正式退休」:出清最后持股、辞去董事会职位


桥水基金 Bridgewater 创办人达利欧在 7 月 31 日卖出最后一批股份并辞去董事会职务,对沖基金界长达半世纪的「达利欧时代」划下句点。这家管理规模约 920 亿美元的资产管理公司,正式启动没有创办人身影的全新阶段。

达利欧全面退出感言

据《彭博社》7 月 31 日报导,达利欧在 1975 年以两万美元起家,将桥水基金带到全球最大对沖基金的宝座。2017 年他让出执行长一职,2022 年移交日常管理,2025 年 4 月辞去联席共同执行长,并于 7 月底完成股权清空。

达利欧的退休感言强调:「我看到桥水在没有我参与的情况下依然蓬勃发展,甚至比有我时还更好。」显示他对公司未来运作的信心。

达利欧在X上分享的退休感言翻译如下:

「这些年来,很多人问我,经过过去 50 年创立并建立桥水基金(Bridgewater)之后,现在把它交棒出去是什么感觉。

我的回答是:我感到无比兴奋!这是一段令人惊奇又精彩的旅程,我几乎清楚地记得每一个瞬间。从我和一个一起打橄榄球的朋友在一间两房公寓里创立桥水基金开始,到把它打造为全球最大的对沖基金之一,团队也壮大到约 1,500 人,并且为我们的客户创造了比其他任何对沖基金都还多的利润,直到现在,2025 年 7 月 1 日,我完成了最后一步,把这家公司交棒给我真正相信、能够让公司在未来 50 年依然成功的下一代优秀人才。这真是一段旅程!无比喜悦!

最让我感到兴奋的是,我看到桥水在没有我参与的情况下依然蓬勃发展,甚至比有我时还更好。因为我把这当作人生循环中「最完美的状态」。从我这个 76 岁、热爱桥水与那群我共事几十年的人的角度来看,这种感觉就像看到我的孩子们在我不在身边时依然强壮又健康,这比起一个 76 岁的父母还得照顾孩子要好太多。

我现在看到的是一间 50 岁的桥水,由当时 26 岁的我创办、领导,如今由比我年轻 25 到 50 岁之间的人接手经营,而当初与我一同建立公司的伙伴们仍然是领导核心。尤其是 Bob Prince、Greg Jensen、Karen Karniol-Tambour 和 Nir Bar Dea,他们也正走在属于自己生命周期中同样美丽的轨迹。我看到这些充满活力的人正在继续现代化桥水的运作方式,同时仍受用那套建立桥水的高效原则,也融合了新一代人创造出来的新传统。

而我之所以热爱这一切,还有个原因:我现在能够自由地投入那些让我感到兴奋且有意义的事。我特别热爱把我认为有价值的东西传承给别人,尤其是那些帮助我成功的原则。我仍热爱投资这场游戏,也很享受能有更多时间陪伴家人与朋友,还有,我非常热衷于探索海洋,并透过媒体让更多人了解这个世界,就像当年的雅克·库斯托(Jacques Cousteau)一样(我们目前正在迪士尼+ 上播出节目《OceanXplorers》,你可以去看看)。

因为传承那些帮助过我的原则,是我人生这个阶段最重要的目标之一,所以我想分享几条我认为推动桥水 50 年成功的关键原则——如果你有兴趣的话,也会告诉你该去哪里学到更多。

工作原则(Work Principles)

我认为推动桥水成功的最关键工作原则是:

· 你选择的「人」与「文化」决定一切。

要选择有高尚品格与出色能力的人,打造一种「理念优先」的文化,其中追求有意义的工作与有意义的人际关系是核心,而这必须靠「极度诚实」与「极度透明」才能实现。

· 建立一种文化,让犯错是可以接受的,但不从错误中学习则是绝对不被允许的。

· 痛苦 + 反思 = 成长。

如果你想要了解我所有的工作原则,都收录在我那本《原则:生活与工作》里面。

投资原则(Investment Principles)

桥水投资成功背后的关键投资原则:

· 现实就像一台机器,你必须了解这台机器如何运作,并拥有一套经过验证的好原则来应对它。

· 了解「因果关系」,因为「原因」先于「结果」,理解原因能帮助你预测未来会发生什么。

· 明确你的决策标准,回测它们、系统化它们,并用电脑来执行,这样你才是在依据一套深思熟虑、经过验证的策略行动。

· 要认清:你不知道的远比你知道的多。

· 学会如何「分散风险」,因为这样可以在不降低预期报酬的前提下,把风险降到原来的 20%。

· 找到那些「聪明但与你意见不同的人」,让他们用理性的分歧来挑战你的思维,这会大幅提升你做对决策的机率,也会让你学到非常多。

· 确保你的决策「不会导致无法接受的亏损」。

如果你想要深入了解我的投资与经济原则,这些内容会在我下一本书里出版,目前也已经收录在由新加坡财富管理学院(Wealth Management Institute of Singapore)主办的《Dalio 市场原则线上课程》中。而如果你想了解我最近根据这些原则的最新观点,也可以从这里获取。」

(感言结束)

新股东入局,掌权版图重组

桥水基金著名的「激进透明度」与「思想独裁」文化,要求任何投资假设都需接受严格辩论与数据验证。

达利欧离开前逐步推动去个人化领导,让决策权由多位联席执行长 Nir Bar Dea、David McCormick 与联席投资长 Bob Prince、Greg Jensen 共同分担,目标是避免单一领袖失灵带来的冲击。如今 Bob Prince 已成最大个人合伙人,确保投资哲学延续,同时「桥水高级研究员计画」伙同外部专家,为策略注入更多视角。

达利欧清空持股的同时,汶莱投资局转为策略股东,拿下接近两成股权,成为桥水基金主要机构股东之一。国际主权基金的加入,为桥水带来更广资金与地缘网络,也意味股权更加分散。

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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