美国众议院压倒性优势投票通过三大加密货币法案,白宫称特朗普周五签字

深潮Опубліковано о 2025-07-17Востаннє оновлено о 2025-07-18

稳定币监管相关《天才法案》得到的赞成票是反对票的 2.5 倍,获 100 多名民主党议员「倒戈」支持。

撰文:李丹,华尔街见闻

加密货币行业即将迎来美国首批正式的行业法律,它们将帮助这种数字资产实现合法化,向成为主流金融产品迈进。

美东时间 7 月 17 日周四美股尾盘时段,美国众议院以压倒性优势的赞成票通过了有关稳定币等加密货币监管的三项立法草案,将它们移交给总统特朗普签署为法律。

其中,稳定币监管相关的《天才法案》(the GENIUS Act)在投票中得到 308 票支持,是 122 票反对票数的 2.5 倍。包括参议院民主党领袖 Hakeem Jeffries 在内的 100 多名民主党议员「倒戈」,加入共和党阵营,投了赞成票。

此前美股午盘时段,白宫新闻秘书莱维特表示,已知国会有足够的票数通过关于加密数字货币的立法草案。相信国会将针对加密货币问题继续立法。特朗普计划周五在一场活动中签署包括《天才法案》在内的加密货币立法草案,让它们作为法律正式生效。

莱维特讲话期间,比特币盘中曾小幅转涨。CoinMarketCap 数据显示,比特币曾涨破 11.98 万美元逼近 12 万大关,较欧股盘中跌破 11.76 万美元的日内低位涨超 2000 美元、涨近 2%。众议院批准法案后,比特币美股盘后跌落 11.9 万美元,日内一度跌逾 0.4%。

莱维特讲话前,本周三晚间,《天才法案》等加密货币法案才在美国众议院一项关键的程序性投票中涉险过关,赞成票仅比反对票多五票。一天前,因为共和党「内讧」,这些法案刚刚在程序性投票的第一轮闯关中失利。

据央视新闻,当地时间 16 日晚,据美国媒体报道,美国众议院以 217 票对 212 票的结果,通过了有关加密货币法案的程序性投票,允许法案进入辩论程序。投票持续了超过 8 个小时,创下自启用电子投票系统以来的最长时间投票纪录。

《天才法案》全称《指导与建立美国稳定币国家创新法案》。《天才法案》已于 6 月 17 日在美国参议院的投票中获得通过,本周递交众议院审批。众议院还加入了另外两大加密货币行业法案——《清晰法案》(the CLARITY Act)和《反 CBDC 法案》(the Anti CBDC Atc)。

三部加密货币法案一道在众议院审议投票,本周因此被众议院称作「加密货币周」。

但在本周二的众议院程序性投票中,因为 13 名共和党议员「反水」,和民主党任一起投票反对相关程序性动议,上述三项法案未能得到表决通过,反对票比赞成票多出 27 张。最终投票结果为 196 票赞成、223 票反对。

华尔街见闻曾提到,众议院议长约翰逊在上述投票后表示,共和党内的强硬派批评者希望把几项加密货币法案合并成一个整体,这就是他们阻止程序性投票的原因。

媒体称,在特朗普介入调解后,此前阻挠立法进程的僵局得到缓解。持反对立场的共和党议员周二深夜与特朗普在白宫会面,周三又经过九个多小时的私下谈判,众议院共和党强硬派与党内领导层就加密货币立法达成妥协,使三项关键加密货币法案得以推进至程序性投票阶段。

加密货币法案通过有望刺激新的美债需求

目前众议院共和党领袖推动成为立法的三部法案均得到特朗普的支持。它们旨在为数字资产行业建立清晰的监管框架,被视为美国加密货币政策的重要里程碑。

其中,《天才法案》为「锚定」美元的稳定币制定监管框架,被普遍视作有利强化对消费者保护,并增进加密货币行业合法性。稳定币属于加密货币,是一种旨在与某些资产(通常是货币)维持相对稳定价值的虚拟资产。

《清晰法案》主要针对市场结构问题,为数字资产交易和监管提供明确指引。《反 CBDC 法案》旨在阻止美联储未经国会授权直接向个人发行央行数字货币(CBDC),以及将 CBDC 用于实施货币政策。

21 世纪经济报道指出,值得关注三大加密货币法案将带来两大系统性改变。

一是监管权责重组,美国商品期货的最高监管机构商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)将成为数字商品的主监管机构,所谓美国的证监会——证券交易委员会(SEC)仅能管理证券型代币及初始发行,这可能指向加密监管的部分放松。

二是,全球资金流向或将重塑。强制美债储备的要求,可能使稳定币发行商成美债第三大买家,巩固美元链上循环体系。美国财长贝森特曾预测,稳定币法案带来的美债需求将达 2 万亿美元。

央视曾援引本月稍早的媒体评论称,加密货币一旦更趋主流化,可能影响美国债券市场。《天才法案》将要求代币受美元或美国政府短期债券等流动资产支持,并要求代币发行商每月披露代币储备明细。这意味着发行商必须购买更多美国政府短期债券。

贝森特此前鼓励国会议员通过《天才法案》的理由就是,这可能会刺激市场对美国国债的需求。

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