为什么唐纳德·特朗普坚持控制美联储?

币界网Опубліковано о 2024-08-13Востаннє оновлено о 2024-08-13

币界网报道:

唐纳德·特朗普无法停止谈论美联储。这家伙一直在告诉我们,他认为总统应该对美联储的运作方式有更大的发言权,尤其是在利率方面。

在最近于马阿拉歌庄园举行的新闻发布会上,这位共和党候选人重申了他对美联储“大错特错”的看法

他以典型的特朗普风格辩称,他的直觉——由多年的商业赚钱塑造——比目前管理美联储的人要好。

但特朗普并不是唯一一个这么想的人。他的竞选搭档、俄亥俄州参议员JD Vance也在他身边。在最近的一次采访中,万斯表示,利率决定“从根本上说应该是一个政治决定”

副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯

当然,民主党候选人卡玛拉·哈里斯(Kamala Harris)没有这些。她在亚利桑那州停留时回击说:

“美联储是一个独立的实体,作为总统,我永远不会干涉美联储做出的决定。”

特朗普与美联储:权力斗争正在酝酿

事情是这样的:美联储一直与白宫分开。总统无权决定利率,这是美联储的工作。这种设置旨在使货币政策等事情免受政治废话的影响。

《联邦储备法》基本上说,美联储需要把重点放在保持人们就业、保持价格稳定和确保利率不疯狂上。但作为特朗普,特朗普并不喜欢这种安排。

Why does Donald Trump insist on controlling the Federal Reserve?

就在上个月,特朗普表示,如果他再次当选,他将“大幅降低利率”。他认为通货膨胀和高利率正在“摧毁我们的国家”

“我把通货膨胀率降下来了,”他承诺,“这样人们就可以再次购买培根,这样人们就能够再次购买火腿三明治,这样人们就能去餐馆买得起。”经典的特朗普,对吧?带有民粹主义色彩的大胆承诺。

通货膨胀、利率和特朗普无休止的斗争

自从新冠肺炎爆发以来,通货膨胀一直让人头疼。价格疯狂飙升,达到了40多年来从未见过的水平。美联储试图通过在2022年3月至2023年7月期间11次加息来降温。

联邦基金利率目前在5.25%至5.50%之间。这个想法是让经济放缓到足以控制通货膨胀的程度。

但现在,事情开始稳定下来。通货膨胀率正在缓慢回落,接近美联储2%的目标。

6月,个人消费支出价格指数(基本上是美联储最喜欢的通胀指标)同比增长2.5%。

随着通胀降温,美联储可能最终开始考虑多年来首次降低基准利率。

当然,特朗普多年来一直在呼吁降低利率。记住,他在2018年提名杰罗姆·鲍威尔领导美联储,但这并没有阻止他公开抨击鲍威尔和美联储的决定。

特朗普抨击美联储将利率维持在过高水平,认为这使企业和普通人更难借钱。

杰罗姆·鲍威尔在参议院作证

他还声称,与利率较低的国家相比,这使美国处于经济劣势。但是,尽管他的声音很大,美联储还是没有让步。

现在,特朗普有了一个新的抱怨:潜在降息的时机。他一直在警告美联储在即将到来的总统选举之前不要降息。

上周,他表示,在选举前几周的9月份降息是“(央行官员)知道他们不应该做的事情”

特朗普仍然不信任鲍威尔。今年早些时候,他表示,如果有机会,他不会再次任命鲍威尔为美联储主席。

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