为什么每次美联储降息,市场都会跌?

币界网Опубліковано о 2024-08-12Востаннє оновлено о 2024-08-12

币界网报道:

从理论上来说,降息意味着资金面开始宽松,资本市场应该上涨。但为何美联储每次降息周期的初期,市场都会出现大跌甚至是金融危机呢?

这就要从市场结构说起,经历一轮美元加息后,美元收益率高于其他地区,而美元资产风险又比其他地区低,所以全球资金就会想方设法往美国跑。正常情况下,哪里存钱都有利息,如果是借贷的钱还有成本,所以如果只是赚取利率差,这个收益是比较低的。要获得更大收益,必然要把资本规模做大,那就要加杠杆借贷。

也就是说,每次美元加息后,底层的杠杠是很大的。

资本考虑的核心因素是:安全和收益。2022年之后,美联储的加息幅度和速度是近几十年最高的,与此同时全球都“不太平,”各种争端和动乱此起披伏,所以资本涌入美国的动力很强。

上面就是过去一年多,在加息、缩表的背景下,美股和加密持续上涨的主要原因。

到了降息周期,套利结构的利润开始被压缩,资本就要抛售资产偿还债务,这就是资产价格下跌的原因。如果这时候再出现经济衰退,资产遭受恐慌性下跌,那么就会演化成金融危机。2000年互联网泡沫和2008年的次贷危机都是在美联储开始降息后发生的,此时美联储降息越快,市场杠杠崩溃的速度越快,危机就更大。

日元加息,美国公布个不及预期的失业率数据都能带来极度恐慌,美股、日股、加密市场大跌,就是担心美国经济会进入到衰退甚至是萧条。

由于2000年和2008年的教训,美联储在之后处理危机时已经“游刃有余”:直接开启印钞机购买资产,这就是量化宽松,2008年之后的数年,就是这种政策,2020年疫情带来的暴跌也是这种策略。

这会带来一个严重的问题,债务规模极速膨胀,它会严重侵蚀法币的信用,现在美联储的债务规模已经超过35万亿美元。如果出现危机,就印钱救市,迟早有一天债务规模达到无法承受的地步,引发超级通胀。

现在日元加息、美元降息在即,流动性大概率开始收缩,接下来,市场需要观察美国会不会陷入经济衰退?如果衰退了美联储是不是又开启印钞机救市?

降息的第一阶段可能是“温和”的下跌;如果经济确认衰退,会是危机式下跌;美联储大放水后,又开始大涨。本质,还是纸币在贬值。

历史不会简单的重复,但都很相似。

Пов'язані матеріали

Report Interpretation: J.P. Morgan Details Micron's Pre-Earnings Sentiment, Current Hardware Sector Dynamics

Morgan Stanley analyst Joshua Meyers' report (June 21, 2026) highlights key trends in the hardware and semiconductor sector ahead of Micron's earnings. The core takeaways are: 1. **Micron & Memory:** Memory remains a high-conviction long theme, driven by strong AI demand and rising ASPs. However, investor focus is shifting to the sustainability of Micron's >80% gross margins and the specifics of potential new long-term supply agreements (SCAs). 2. **Hardware Supply Chain:** AI-related demand for servers, networking, and storage remains robust, but company performance is diverging. Celestica (CLS) shows improved margin confidence, Western Digital and Seagate benefit from pricing, Fabrinet (FN) sees predictable AI optics growth, and Teradyne (TER) anticipates a new Google customer. 3. **AI Capex & WFE Forecasts:** JPMorgan increased its Wafer Fab Equipment (WFE) market growth forecasts to 28% in 2026 and 29% in 2027. AI infrastructure financing is evolving, with higher project-level debt reducing constraints on capex expansion. The report signals that while the AI-driven hardware cycle is strong, the market is entering a phase focused on execution verification (e.g., Micron's SCA details, Fabrinet's ramp with Amazon) and valuation sustainability. Key near-term signals include Micron's guidance, Arista Networks' outlook, and the pace of demand normalization post potential tariff-related pull-ins.

marsbit3 год тому

Report Interpretation: J.P. Morgan Details Micron's Pre-Earnings Sentiment, Current Hardware Sector Dynamics

marsbit3 год тому

Research Report Analysis: The Fed's New Chair's Debut – New Leader, But Same Script?

Report Analysis: Federal Reserve's New Chair Debut – A New Captain, But the Same Script? Morgan Stanley's chief global economist Seth B. Carpenter analyzes the first FOMC meeting under new Fed Chair Kevin Warsh in a June 21 report. Warsh deliberately avoided providing forward guidance on interest rates, aligning with his philosophy. However, market expectations for a rate hike this year were reinforced. Key signals lie elsewhere: inflation may fall more than expected, and quantitative tightening (QT) could be more aggressive than anticipated. The FOMC's "dot plot" suggests only one rate hike in 2026. Carpenter argues that if inflation undershoots forecasts, the logic for even a single hike weakens, especially as projections indicate potential rate cuts in 2027. On QT, Warsh's stance is clear. Carpenter notes that measures like halving the Treasury's account balance could shrink the Fed's balance sheet by around $500 billion with minimal market impact. Combined with adjustments to reserve interest and liquidity rules, the ultimate QT scale may exceed expectations, though its market effect might be less disruptive unless the Fed actively sells Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS). While Warsh initiated a review of the Fed's policy framework, the 2% inflation target remains intact for now. The report concludes that the market may be overestimating the significance of reduced forward guidance and the near-term rate hike risk, while potentially underestimating the scope and manageable nature of the coming balance sheet reduction. The key debates will hinge on upcoming core PCE data, the specifics of the QT path, and the framework review's findings.

marsbit3 год тому

Research Report Analysis: The Fed's New Chair's Debut – New Leader, But Same Script?

marsbit3 год тому

Critical Game Week: BTC Retracement Confirmation vs. HYPE Support Battle | Guest Analysis

This weekly analysis outlines a critical juncture for BTC and HYPE markets, focusing on key price level confirmations. **BTC Analysis:** BTC is at a pivotal point after a five-wave rally from the June 5th low of $59,100. The price has broken below a short-term rising channel's lower boundary, with the current move seen as a pullback to test this breakdown. Failure to reclaim this level could lead to a retest of the $59,000-$60,000 support zone. The core scenario hinges on this channel retest outcome. * **Key Levels:** Resistance at $64,500-$65,000 (channel boundary) and $69,500-$70,500. Support at $59,000-$60,000 and $55,000. * **Strategy:** A core bearish stance is maintained (20% short from last week), with short-term plans for tactical trades. Three detailed contingency plans (A/B/C) are provided for short positions on resistance tests or breakdowns, emphasizing strict stop-loss discipline. **HYPE Analysis:** HYPE shows strong momentum but is currently in a corrective phase after hitting a new high of $76.94. The price is retesting the crucial $64-$66 support area. * **Key Levels:** Resistance near $77 and $80-$82. Support at $64-$66 and $52-$54. * **Strategy:** The short-term approach is "buy on dips, avoid chasing rallies." A long position is considered only if clear stabilization signals appear at the $64-$66 or deeper $52-$54 support zones, with tight risk controls. **General Risk Management:** A standardized trailing stop-loss protocol is emphasized: set initial stop, breakeven at +1% profit, then trail stops upward to lock in gains. *Disclaimer: All analysis is presented as a personal trading framework, not investment advice. Market conditions are complex and require dynamic adjustment.*

marsbit3 год тому

Critical Game Week: BTC Retracement Confirmation vs. HYPE Support Battle | Guest Analysis

marsbit3 год тому

Торгівля

Спот
Ф'ючерси
活动图片