SEC再发Wells Notice,Uniswap会被关停吗?

Odaily星球日报Опубліковано о 2024-04-11Востаннє оновлено о 2024-04-11

Анотація

Wells Notice虽不是最终的起诉或执法决定,但中短期仍将造成持续的负面影响。

原创 | Odaily星球日报

作者 | 南枳

SEC再发Wells Notice,Uniswap会被关停吗?

今日凌晨,Uniswap 创始人 Hayden Adams 于 X 平台发文表示,Uniswap 收到了来自美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的韦尔斯通知(Wells Notice)。消息一出,UNI 应声下跌约 5.5% ,从 11.1 USDT 下跌至当前的 9.3 USDT。Odaily星球日报将于本文解析 Wells Notice 以及 Uniswap 的回应。

什么是 Wells Notice

韦尔斯通知(Wells Notice)是 SEC在结束对个人或公司的调查后发送的一封信函,通知他们 SEC计划对其采取执法行动。该通知告知被调查的人或公司,SEC 已经得出结论,认为他们违反证券法。该通知表明 SEC 已确定可能提起诉讼,并为被通知方提供说明为何不应采取执法行动的机会。

这之中存在几个要素:SEC 已对被调查公司及其业务初步定性;但不是正式的、最终的起诉文件,被调查公司仍有回应余地。简而言之,收到 Wells Notice 意味着将受明确影响,并且存在状况进一步恶化的可能性,但最终结果当前无法预测。

Uniswap 回应:Fighting for DeFi

昨夜,Uniswap 发布回应博文“Fighting for DeFi”,Odaily 对其中重点提炼如下。

这是一场政治攻击

今天,Uniswap Labs 收到了 SEC 执法部门的 Wells Notice,他们计划建议对 Uniswap 采取法律行动。UniSwap当前的全部产品套件将继续可用,我们也将继续推出新产品。考虑到 SEC 针对 Coinbase 和其他公司的持续诉讼,以及他们对于在美国合法运营的企业完全不愿提供明确或注册途径,我们只能得出结论,这是针对即使是在区块链技术上构建最佳解决方案的公司的最新政治努力。

SEC 没有国会授权

SEC 只对证券具有管辖权,例如被法律分类为“投资合同”的资产。在 SEC 诉 Ripple 案中的法院裁决清楚地表明,数字资产的二级市场交易通常不构成投资合同。这些正是 Uniswap 协议上绝大多数交易的资产。甚至 SEC 主席在国会作证中也承认,对代币进行新的监管需要国会通过新法律,即 SEC 缺乏授权。

Uniswap 不符合证券交易所的法律定义

即使不考虑 Ripple 案,Uniswap 协议、DApp 和钱包仍不符合证券交易所或经纪人的法律定义。这在最近的 SEC 诉 Coinbase 案中有明确体现,在案件的最早阶段,法院已经驳回了 SEC 声称加密货币钱包是经纪人的主张。

UNI 不符合证券的法律定义

UNI 代币不是证券,因为它不符合任何类型证券的法律定义,包括不符合“投资合同”的定义。Uniswap Labs 和代币的 30 万持有者之间没有合同或承诺,没有共同企业,代币的价值也不仅仅依赖于 Uniswap Labs 的努力。

商品期货交易委员会已经非常清楚地表示,比特币和以太坊都不是证券。而且 Uniswap 技术生态系统足够去中心化,就像比特币和以太坊一样。

谁曾经也收到过 Wells Notice?

在 Uniswap 之前,已有多家公司/项目收到过 Wells Notice,其中最终结果最为糟糕的当属 BUSD 发行商 Paxos。

BUSD 一夜倾覆

2023 年 2 月 13 日,美 SEC 执法人员向 Paxos 发出 Wells notice,表示 Paxos 发行和上市的 BUSD 是一种未注册的证券,计划起诉 Paxos 违反投资者保护法。同时,纽约州金融服务部命令 Paxos停止发行更多的 BUSD 代币。

同一天,美国 SEC 互联网执法办公室前主任 John Reed Stark发推表示:“美国 SEC 向 Paxos 发出‘韦尔斯通知(Wells notice)’,告知 Paxos 可能面临执法行动。在我在 SEC 执法部门的 18 年中,我不记得有任何一次我发出韦尔斯通知而没有采取执法行动。SEC 的加密行动持续进行。”

次日,稳定币发行商 Paxos 发布声明,称已收到美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的 Wells Notice,但坚决不同意 SEC 工作人员的意见,因为 BUSD 不是联邦证券法规定的证券。要明确的是,除此之外 Paxos 没有面临其他指控。

不久后 Coinbase 停止了对 BUSD 的支持,BUSD 更是在一个月内收到了 79 亿美元的赎回申请,占流通量近 50% 。虽当时 3 月的币安 Launchpool 仍支持使用 BUSD 进行新币挖矿,但最终 BUSD 仍退出了历史舞台。

Bittrex 退出美国

23 年 4 月,加密货币交易所 Bittrex 总法律顾问 David Maria表示,SEC 执法人员在 3 月时向 Bittrex 发出 Wells Notice,Bittrex 在未向监管机构注册的情况下作为交易所、经纪自营商和票据交易所开展业务,违反了法律。

Maria 表示,Bittrex 在接到通知时已经准备逐步减少其美国业务。彼时 Bittrex 不知道 SEC 是否会提起诉讼,因为公司正在终止其美国业务。如果 SEC 决定采取执法行动,除非监管机构能够“提出合理的和解提案”,否则 Bittrex 将提起诉讼。

除了上述公司外,例如 Coinbase 和 Ripple 也曾收到过 Wells Notice,该举措更是导致后者直接从 Coinbase 下架,进而付出了高昂的司法成本。

结论

虽 Wells Notice 不是最终的起诉或执法决定,但从历史经验我们可以得知,在中短期仍将造成持续的负面影响。

Пов'язані матеріали

Second Half of U.S. Crypto Policy: The Clarity Act Aims for 60 Votes, CFTC's "One-Person Commission" Becomes Biggest Variable

In a pivotal year for US crypto policy, the "CLARITY Act" is advancing in the Senate but faces a high hurdle, needing 60 votes to pass. Key challenges include bridging partisan divides on ethics and swaying undecided Republican senators within a tight legislative calendar of only about 40 working days. The policy "second half" involves intense negotiations on a broader framework for Web3 and DeFi, including crypto tax reforms and the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act. A significant uncertainty is the understaffed CFTC, operating with four commissioner vacancies, which complicates regulatory clarity. Meanwhile, the departure of key "crypto champions"—SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce and Senator Cynthia Lummis—will impact ongoing policy efforts. Industry experts are cautiously optimistic but realistic. Sara K. Weed notes that while progress is being made, CLARITY is unlikely to pass this Congress, pushing agencies like the SEC and CFTC to provide more guidance. Sulolit Mukherjee suggests meaningful crypto tax legislation is more likely to be attached to larger must-pass bills. Rashan Colbert discusses the jurisdictional debate over prediction markets, emphasizing the need for a regulatory framework that fosters their development as financial tools rather than treating them broadly as gambling. The clock is ticking, but opportunities remain for substantive progress through continued bipartisan dialogue and pragmatic efforts.

marsbit24 хв тому

Second Half of U.S. Crypto Policy: The Clarity Act Aims for 60 Votes, CFTC's "One-Person Commission" Becomes Biggest Variable

marsbit24 хв тому

Dan Koe's New Essay: Escaping the Fate of the Wage Slave, How to Survive the AI Replacement Wave?

Dan Koe argues that the true threat in the AI era isn't technology itself, but a reliance on others for one's livelihood and happiness. The core problem is "wage slavery"—spending life on unfulfilling work. To survive and thrive, one must escape this by building their own enterprise. The key is developing five elements: Agency (initiative), Taste (discernment), Persuasion, Persistence, and Iteration. These boil down to problem-solving skills and experiential knowledge, which cannot be learned passively but only through doing your own projects. The solution is to become "unemployable" by shifting your identity. This requires: 1) Radically changing your environment to force growth, 2) Choosing a medium (like content creation) that provides real feedback through trial and error, and 3) Mastering either code or, preferably, media (content). Content creation is more valuable because its subjective nature and need for human perspective create a durable advantage over generic AI output. To start, define your life's work by answering foundational questions about your innate knowledge, unique abilities, and contrarian beliefs. Then, immediately act by publishing your first piece of content. The cycle of creating, receiving feedback, and iterating is the essential path to developing the skills needed for an independent, meaningful career and financial resilience.

marsbit1 год тому

Dan Koe's New Essay: Escaping the Fate of the Wage Slave, How to Survive the AI Replacement Wave?

marsbit1 год тому

Research Report Analysis: Morgan Stanley Details SanDisk SNDK, The Truth About Cloud Data Center Pricing Power and AI Inference Benefits

Morgan Stanley raised its price target for SanDisk (SNDK) from $1100 to $1750 on June 22, maintaining an Overweight rating. The upgrade is driven by AI inference demand reshaping the NAND market, particularly for KV Cache and context window storage in cloud data centers. These cloud clients exhibit price inelasticity and sign long-term contracts, granting SanDisk significant pricing power. SanDisk's New Business Model (NBM) agreements, covering over one-third of FY27 bit shipments with 3-5 year terms and fixed price/price collar structures, are crucial. They are projected to sustain gross margins around 80% even at floor prices, providing a buffer against cyclical downturns. Morgan Stanley forecasts gross margins to surge from 30.3% in FY25 to 86.7% in FY27e. With NAND supply expected to remain tight into 2026/2027 and cloud/data centers becoming the largest end-market, SanDisk holds supply-side pricing power. The company targets 15-19% bit growth via technology transitions, not capacity expansion. Revenue is projected to grow ~6.6x from FY25 to FY27, with EPS rising from $2.74 to $14.73, driven by high-margin cloud business. Key upside catalysts include faster enterprise SSD adoption and edge AI growth. Downside risks involve slower industry growth, competitor capex increases, market share loss, and competition from Chinese players like YMTC. The investment thesis rests on AI-driven structural demand, NBM's margin protection, and sustained supply tightness. The $1750 target implies ~28x FY27e P/E.

marsbit1 год тому

Research Report Analysis: Morgan Stanley Details SanDisk SNDK, The Truth About Cloud Data Center Pricing Power and AI Inference Benefits

marsbit1 год тому

A Threefold Performance Leap! NEAR Achieves 200ms Physical Block Time Limit with SPICE

NEAR's core development team, Near One, has announced its next major protocol evolution: SPICE (Separation of Consensus and Execution). Currently in development, SPICE represents the most significant upgrade before the full implementation of Nightshade 3.0. Its core innovation is decoupling the consensus layer, responsible for ordering transactions, from the execution layer, which processes them. This allows the consensus layer to run at full speed without waiting for transaction execution to complete. Once deployed, SPICE is projected to triple NEAR's block production speed, achieving a 200ms block time, which is considered the physical limit due to the speed of light and network latency. This leap will dramatically reduce transaction latency and finality, with transactions confirming in roughly 0.4 seconds—faster than a typical card payment. The upgrade also enables more complex, long-running transactions and significantly improves user experience for applications like NEAR Intents and near.com. Beyond raw speed, SPICE enhances network scalability and security. It enables deeper parallelism, efficiently distributing workload across shards and improving resource utilization. The simpler block structure and lighter contracts also facilitate formal verification and security auditing. Furthermore, SPICE lays the critical groundwork for future Nightshade 3.0 features, most notably atomic cross-shard transactions, which would simplify complex contract logic and eliminate development hurdles caused by asynchronous execution. The Near One team is actively developing SPICE, targeting deployment in the coming months.

Foresight News2 год тому

A Threefold Performance Leap! NEAR Achieves 200ms Physical Block Time Limit with SPICE

Foresight News2 год тому

Торгівля

Спот
Ф'ючерси
活动图片