Ordinals创始人发布Runes文档,超越BRC-20的代币发行方式?

Odaily星球日报Опубліковано о 2024-03-28Востаннє оновлено о 2024-03-28

Анотація

Casey:若Runes生态上线首月市值达不到10亿美元,就准备切腹自尽。

原创 | Odaily星球日报

作者 | 南枳

Ordinals创始人发布Runes文档,超越BRC-20的代币发行方式?

今日,Ordinals 创始人 Casey 发布了 Runes 的官方文档,包括设定和功能说明,以及技术细节的具体文档。据此前 Casey 的公告,其所发布的 Runes 将于 4 月下旬上线,Odaily 将于本文解析功能文档,并对比其与 BRC-20 代币的异同。

什么是符文?

符文允许比特币交易蚀刻(etch)、铸造(mint)和转让比特币原生的数字商品。每个铭文(inscription)都是独一无二的,而每单位的符文都是同质的,它们是可互换的代币,适用于多种用途。

符石

符文协议信息被称为符石(runestone),存储在比特币交易输出中。符石输出脚本开头分别为“OP_RETURN”和“OP_ 13 ”,按照 Casey 所指定规则压缩和解码成一系列 128 位的整数,最后解析成一块符石。每次交易最多只能有一块符石。(具体运行细节可参考《Ordinals 创始人首谈 Runes 协议》第四节)

符石可以蚀刻新的符文,铸造已有的符文。

蚀刻

符文是通过蚀刻(etch)产生的,蚀刻能够创造一个符文并设定其属性。一旦设定,这些属性是不可改变的。该操作可按照 ERC 20 代币的部署(Deploy)理解。

名称

名称由字母 A 到 Z 组成,长度在 1 到 28 个字符之间。例如“UNCOMMONGOODS”可以是一个符文名。名称也可包含间隔符,用圆点表示,以提高可读性。“UNCOMMONGOODS”可以会被蚀刻成“UNCOMMON•GOODS”。一个名称的唯一性并不取决于间隔符号。因此,即使使用不同的间隔符号,符文也不能使用与现有符文相同的字母序列。

Premine(预分配)

符文的蚀刻者可以向自己分配一定数量的已蚀刻符文,这种分配被称为 Premine,非强制可自由选择。

(Odaily星球日报注:在早期 Ceasy 并未考虑加入这个功能,该功能的推出为更复杂的代币经济学提供可能。)

可分性

一个符文的可分性指的是它可以被分成多少个最小单位。可分性即符文数量小数点后的最大位数。可分性为 0 的符文不可分割,可分性为 1 的符文可以分割成十个子单位,可分性为 2 的符文可以分割成一百个,依此类推。

(Odaily星球日报注:即用户可自选代币的最小单位。)

铸造限制

符文可以公开铸造,面向所有人开放,并能够设定铸造限制,当超出指定的条件(Casey 称之为 Terms)则铸造停止,例如可以限制特定起始(区块)高度、终止(区块)高度和一个(数量)上限。

其他信息

  • 标识:符文具有特定 Unicode 码,例如可分性为 2、数量为 101 个单位的符文,标识为🧿,将体现为 1.01 🧿。

  • 上限:符文的可铸造次数即为其上限,一旦超过上限铸造就停止。

  • 燃烧:符文可通过 Casey 所指定方法进行燃烧。

和 BRC-20 有什么区别?

底层差异

Runes 基于比特币网络的 UTXO 和附件信息构建,通过 OP_RETURN 标记特定信息,从而“模拟”代币操作。而 BRC-20 将数据记录在见证数据中,具有 UTXO 膨胀的特性。这也是 Casey 反对 BRC-20 的根本原因之一,其认为 BRC-20 产生的“垃圾 UTXO”过度地占据了比特币网络空间。并且存在潜在的安全问题。(详见《BTC 生态 | 揭秘 Ordinals 创始人要求币安移除 ORDI 幕后故事》)

另一方面,Casey 认为 BRC-20 之所以成功,关键在于它开创了比特币网络上的“资产公平发射”方式,人人可参与,并自己为铸造成本负责。Casey 希望继承其优点,同时避免其技术上的缺陷(UTXO 膨胀问题)。

那么以代币视角而言,二者具有什么差异?

代币差异

  • 更高的设定自由度

BRC-20 规定代币名称固定为 4 个字母,仅能设定代币的总张数和单次铭刻数量。而 Runes 对名字开放度较高,并支持代币精度的设定。

  • 更全面的代币功能

BRC-20 代币仅具备转账功能,并仅支持单对单的单类代币转账。而 Runes 支持复杂的转账,包括单次转账的多对象和多代币。而设置铸造条件、预分配、燃烧、批量空投等一系列特性,使得 Runes 更加接近广大用户熟知的 ERC-20 代币,从功能性上大幅提升。

结论

去年 Casey 曾宣布 Runes 将在比特币网络区块高度达到 840000 时推出,大约在今年的中下旬。而在去年 9 月其提出 Runes 概念期间,已涌现出了大量的 Runes 代币和 NFT,包括 Runes Alpha(COOK)、Runecoin(RSIC)、Runestone 等数十个项目,本次文档的发布再次预告了正式版本推出在即。

而回到 BRC-20 ,其在 2023 年的二度爆红主要因为带来了比特币代币发行的新叙事,而非来自功能的繁复,BRC-20 的没落则处于网络性能的限制和叙事新颖度的消失。Runes 在功能性上做出了极大提升,但并非吸引大量用户的充分条件,Casey 能否凭借 Runes 为比特币网络带来再一次增长,仍有待观察。

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