Bankless:2024年投资比特币的6种方式

Odaily星球日报Опубліковано о 2024-02-23Востаннє оновлено о 2024-02-23

Анотація

你还有其他选择来投资BTC

原文标题:《 6 Ways to Invest in Bitcoin in 2024 》

原文作者:Jack Inabinet,Bankless

原文编译:Luccy,BlockBeats

编者按:Bankless 分析师 Jack Inabinet 从多个角度探讨了个人投资者获取比特币暴露的几种主要方法,涵盖了比特币矿工、知名比特币矿工公司、市场上流行的比特币 ETF 产品、以及自托管和中心化交易所等方面。BlockBeats 将原文编译如下:

现在在美国,现货比特币 ETF 已经开始交易,这让获取比特币变得前所未有的容易,但并非所有的投资途径都是相同的。

今天,我们将介绍个人投资者使用的六种最突出的方法来获取比特币,并讨论每种方法的优点,以帮助你确定哪种方法最适合你。

比特币矿工

比特币矿工通过竞相解决复杂的密码问题,利用能源密集型的计算机设备,希望能够猜中一个数字或称为哈希,以解决问题并赋予他们将下一个区块添加到比特币区块链的能力,作为来自通胀性代币奖励和交易费用的比特币报酬。

矿工通常不会将大部分挖到的比特币存入账户,而是出售用于支付运营成本(如电费)或扩张(购买新的挖矿设备),因为他们的收入是以比特币计价的,所以矿工的股价与比特币价格息息相关。

随着减半临近,需要记住许多矿工可能会面临盈利能力下降的问题,因为他们目前从通胀性网络奖励中获得的收入占挖掘比特币区块总奖励的 97% ,而这部分收入将会减半。

由于无利可图的公司停止运营或出售挖矿设备,整个市场可能会发生整合,这将使得剩余的矿工受益,他们将拥有更大的比特币网络算力控制权,从而能够挖掘更高比例的比特币区块。

热门比特币矿厂:

· Marathon Digital Holdings Inc. (MARA)

· Riot Platforms Inc. (RIOT)

· CleanSpark Inc. (CLSK)

MicroStrategy

Michael Saylor 于 2020 年 8 月发起了他传奇的比特币赌注,将其商业智能技术公司转型为比特币托管巨头,如今该公司拥有即将发行的所有比特币中近 1% 的份额。

尽管 MicroStrategy 托管了大量比特币,但不向股东收取管理费,而是利用从其软件业务运营中获得的利润来支付这些成本。

MicroStrategy 的比特币持有的价值余额往往会以溢价或折价的方式交易,因为没有硬性机制来强制执行锚定。

Bankless:2024年投资比特币的6种方式

当 MSTR 股票交易溢价时,管理层通常会通过出售股份筹集额外资金,以便未来购买更多的比特币,从而为 MSTR 的市值设定了一个软性上限,即超过其软件业务和比特币持有的真实价值。

Saylor 一再强调他不会出售,MSTR 缺乏任何真正的机制来保护下行风险,这意味着公司的市值可能会在相当长的时间内以折价的方式交易,这对于股东来说是一个重大风险。

MicroStrategy 股票在折价和溢价之间的波动为愿意在价格分歧时持有市场另一端的交易者提供了一个有利可图的机会,但在现如今有现货比特币 ETF 可供选择的时代,持有这支股票对于寻求纯比特币暴露的投资者来说并不合理。

现货 ETF

早在 2024 年 1 月获得批准的现货比特币 ETF 是加密货币行业的一个重要里程碑,使得美国的任何人都可以通过传统经纪账户获得纯粹的加密货币投资机会,而这些产品在加拿大和欧洲早已存在。

现货 BTC ETF 的发行者会通过专门的加密货币托管机构(如 Coinbase Custody)代表 ETF 的股东持有实际的比特币,这些托管机构的唯一责任就是存储客户的数字资产。

现货 ETF 的份额可以由授权参与者随时创建或赎回,这意味着份额的市场价格与其净资产值密切相关,不像基于信托的体系那样,因为比特币需求波动而导致 Grayscale 的比特币信托(GBTC)的交易价值时高时低。

虽然一些发行者目前时创建或赎回,这意味着份额的市场价格会紧密跟踪其净资产值,不像基于信托的制度,导致 Grayscale 的比特币信托(GBTC)在比特币需求增减时交易价格出现溢价或折价。

虽然一些发行者目前在其现货 BTC ETF 上提供免费豁免,但这些豁免最终都会到期,届时持有人将根据其投资的产品支付年管理费,费率从 0.19% 到 1.5% 不等。

Bankless:2024年投资比特币的6种方式

现货比特币 ETF 最吸引人的特点之一是它们与传统金融系统的整合,这使得投资者可以从他们现有的传统金融经纪公司购买这些工具的股份,与更传统的投资(如股票和债券)一起。

此外,将这些 ETF 放入现有的税收优惠账户中,如 401(k) 或 IRA,对于寻求优化税收效率的长期投资者来说,具有重要的好处。

美国热门现货比特币 ETF 代码:

· iShares 比特币信托(IBIT)

· Bitwise 比特币 ETF(BITB)

· VanEck 比特币信托(HODL)

· Valkyrie 比特币基金(BRRR)

· Grayscale 比特币信托(GBTC)

交易所托管

无论你是刚接触加密货币,购买你的第一小部分比特币,还是一位坚定的比特币爱好者,始终致力于持续积累比特币,CEX 都可以作为你进入加密资产世界的一个通道。

CEX 使得在法币和加密资产之间转换变得简单,同时摒弃了存储你的加密资产以及在不同网络上的代币之间进行交换所涉及的技术复杂性。

CEX 并不向用户收取存储资产的费用,而是通过交易费和提供的其他附加交易服务来获得收入。

对于非美国用户,许多 CEX 提供永续产品,允许交易者使用杠杆投机加密资产价格,以增加收益,并为其用户提供通过借贷和结构化产品获取资产收益的机会。

尽管将比特币存储在 CEX 有其优势,但重要的是要记住,你正在委托另一个方负责你的加密货币的安全,并铭记:没有私钥,就没有你的加密货币。

期货 ETF

与现货 ETF 类似,比特币期货 ETF 也提供 BTC,并在 CEX 上交易,但是与「实物」比特币不同,它们持有 BTC 期货合约,正如其名称所示。

与现货产品相比,基于期货的 ETF 被认为是比特币投资工具的次优选择,因为滚动到期的期货合约会使投资者暴露于升水和贴水效应,导致基于期货的工具价格偏离其旨在跟踪的资产价格。

比特币期货 ETF 的发行者对其产品收取管理费,ProShares 比特币策略 ETF(BITO)是美国资产管理规模最大的基于 BTC 期货的 ETF,持有者每年需支付 0.95% 的费用。

美国热门期货 BTC ETF:

· ProShares 比特币策略 ETF(BITO)

自托管

加密货币行业经历了不少交易所的崩溃事件,无论是因为欺诈还是利用漏洞,这使得在你购买的 CEX 上存储比特币成为一个风险较大的决定。

通过一点额外的努力和技术知识,普通的加密货币用户可以采用自托管方式,消除与交易所托管相关的一系列风险。

除了购买硬件钱包所需的前期费用外,即存储访问你的加密资产所需的私钥的物理设备,自托管不会产生额外费用。

如 Ledger 等公司的现代硬件设备配备了简单的设置过程,使得任何具有基本在线熟练水平的用户都能够轻松实现自托管,但密钥管理对用户来说是一个挑战,因为那些未能正确记录或保护他们钱包的恢复短语的用户会面临损失 100% 资金且无法恢复的风险。

由于比特币不支持智能合约,那些选择自托管比特币的人必须首先将其发送到 CEX 进行出售,这会增加获得投资流动性的时间,特别是对于大额存款可能引起合规性警示的大户来说。

参考阅读:《Bankless 对 Ledger 的指南

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