比特币挖矿叙事新解:南方国家能源发展的希望?

长文源:foresightnewsОпубліковано о 2023-10-31Востаннє оновлено о 2023-11-07

Анотація

对发展中国家和电力过剩地区来说,任何多余或丢弃的电力,都可以货币化。

比特币挖矿将填补西方国家全球化留下的空白,并激励全球南方国家的能源发展,政策制定者已经开始认识到它的好处并支持它。


原文标题:《Canada, Texas, And Paraguay: Changing The Narrative On Bitcoin Mining》

撰文:Mickey Koss

编译:Frank,Foresight News


Foresight News 注:「南方国家」通常指代非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的发展中国家或新兴市场国家。


当主流媒体在诋毁比特币挖矿时,数据却讲述了一个截然不同的故事。现在有越来越多的证据表明,比特币挖矿不仅能够支持当地的经济发展,而且还增加了当地电网基础设施的弹性。


根据德克萨斯州农工大学的数据,比特币挖矿负荷与电力系统范围内的本地电力价格和电力负荷表现出强烈的负相关性。相反,非比特币挖矿活动与电力负荷和价格呈正相关。


这意味着比特币挖矿不会对电网造成压力。


德克萨斯州区块链委员会主席 Lee Bratcher 指出,德州电力可靠性委员会(ERCOT)数据表明,比特币矿工的减产努力对电网产生了重大的积极影响。他总结道:「我们认识到,ERCOT 需要更多地了解这些减产的时间,并正在与 ERCOT 合作,以确保实现这一目标。」


通过参与需求响应计划,矿工在高需求期间关闭矿机,以确保电力服务的连续性。Bratcher 还补充说,仅在德克萨斯州,比特币矿工就创造了大约 2000 个农村就业岗位。


从加拿大到巴拉圭,比特币矿工正在对社区、电网和碳中和目标产生积极影响,以下公司和个人正在努力尝试讲述他们的故事,并改变当前的主流叙事。


负载平衡和需求响应


Riot 是一家位于德克萨斯州的比特币挖矿公司,CNBC 报道称,Riot 在 8 月份的热浪中关闭矿机,获得了近 3200 万美元的补贴,但 Riot 内部人士表示,该报道并没有讲述全部事实。


Riot 公共政策主管 Brian Morgenstern 解释说:「纳税人并没有为比特币矿工开支票让他们关闭矿机」。


他表示矿企们会为挖矿业务预先购买电力,所以 CNBC 提到的大部分收入是通过在 Riot 关闭运营期间将预付费的电力卖给电网实现的。根据 Riot 的数据,他们在盛夏期间的减产力度相当于为近 10 万户家庭提供整整一个月的电力。


Brian Morgenstern 总结称「比特币矿工促进了急需的发电,并充当了虚拟发电厂的角色,这样消费者就不会遇到任何电力中断情况」,除了需求响应之外,Riot 还和其他比特币矿企在电力基础设施方面投入了大量资金,这有利于该州的农村地区建设,并创造了就业机会。


德克萨斯州参议员 Ted Cruz 一直支持比特币挖矿,称其为电力的紧急储备,他补充说,这使电网更具弹性,并改善了经济。


处理冗余的能源


比特币矿企也在填补全球化留下的空白,它正迅速成为曾经依赖制造业但如今制造业已不复存在的地区的生命线。


Iris Energy 联合首席执行官兼联合创始人 Daniel Roberts 在采访中表示,「随着世界继续数字化,将低成本、过剩的可再生能源作为电力密集计算应用具有商业意义」,Iris Energy 就是一家比特币挖矿公司,专注于可再生能源挖矿,旨在产生积极的社会影响。


Iris Energy 在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省经营着三个工厂,并利用多余的水力发电,这些电力在纸浆和造纸工业衰落后一直被浪费。「我们支持区域社区,并提供新的就业机会,以及对当地工人进行技能培训」。


根据 Iris Energy 的数据,他们已经在这些地区提供了 50 个全职职位,还创建了一个社区赠款项目,每年为他们运营的每个社区提供高达 10 万美元的资金。


Daniel Roberts 补充说,「我们还希望支持区域能源市场,帮助它们实现能源转型,提高可再生能源的比例」,Iris Energy 站点为电力生产商提供了额外 6500 万美元收入,减轻了对已经陷入困境的人口提高电价的需求。


这种现象并不局限于西方国家,巴拉圭的伊泰普大坝是世界上第二大的水坝,它产生 14 GW 的电力,且电力在巴拉圭和巴西之间平均分配。


然而,巴拉圭只能利用大约 2 GW 的电力,其余的都亏本卖给了巴西,Sazmining 是一家比特币矿业公司,为了解决这种情况,它与该大坝进行了合作。


通过在巴拉圭开采比特币,Sazmining 正在帮助当地利用剩余电力,以增加当地的 GDP」,Sazmining 总裁 Kent Halliburton 在采访中表示,Sazmining 允许个人投资者购买比特币矿机,并将其托管在他们管理的设施中。


现在,任何多余或丢弃的电力都可以货币化。这使得能源生产商没有理由不将比特币挖矿整合到他们的运营中,以保持财务责任。


支持者认为,像 Sazmining 这样的公司可以通过比特币挖矿吸引一种新型的 ESG 投资者,在这样做的过程中,它们不仅支持清洁能源基础设施,也支持发展中经济体。


环境影响


Alana Mediavilla 认为,比特币的电力消耗在所有行业中被单独批评是不公平的,她在谈到比特币的独特属性时说,「比特币可以在任何地方消耗电力,这意味着它可以帮助成为冗余的能源资产的客户,从而促进该地区基础设施的发展」。


她现在正把这种热情投入到一部以比特币为主题的纪录片《Dirty Coin》中。「我大约两年前开始拍摄这部纪录片,因为我们需要更多地了解我们的数字生活在现实世界中的物理足迹」。


她的制片公司 Filmkik 曾为 PayPal 、Volvo 、Amazon 等高科技公司制作电影,她也是三个孩子的母亲,后来成为 Google Cloud 的董事和执行制片人,制作了许多公司纪录片和用户故事。


虽然这部纪录片仍在制作中,但她已经在社交媒体和一些独立电影节上播放了这部电影的短片,预计将在 2024 年发布完整的纪录片。


根据主流媒体叙述,这些公司正在努力工作以确保比特币网络继续蓬勃发展,他们希望积极的激励措施将继续发挥作用,慢慢地将比特币融入世界各地的能源基础设施。


比特币挖矿有可能填补西方国家全球化留下的空白,并激励全球南方国家的能源发展,倡导者相信,随着挖矿渗透到基层社区,政策制定者将开始认识到它的好处并支持它。

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