L2新叙事？一文带你了解以太坊铭文

Odaily星球日报Опубліковано о 2023-11-02Востаннє оновлено о 2023-11-02

Анотація

为何$eths价格暴涨，是L2新叙事还是新瓶装旧酒？本文将通过介绍Ethscriptions概念、Ethscriptions怎样为以太坊扩容等等带领大家了解以太坊铭文叙事。

热度来源

6 月 17 日，以太坊铭文协议 Ethscriptions 推出，其文本代币 $eths 的铸造成本约为 0.5 U，铸造结束之后的几天内场外价格达到了 100 U，为早期参与者带来了百倍收益， 8 月初价格更是暴涨到了 500 U。之后随着 $ordi 的价格不断降低，$eths 的热度也逐渐褪去，价格回落至 300 U 附近。沉寂了两个多月后，在 10 月 8 日 $eths 迎来了爆发，价格攀升至 800 U，点燃了没有上车的人的 fomo 情绪。

L2新叙事？一文带你了解以太坊铭文

在官方的电报群中，社区成员随时待命，在 $eths 相关的推文下面评论转发为推文提高流量，推动相关推文的传播。同时，KOL 们也视 $eths 为流量密码，纷纷发表 $eths 的相关内容，甚至随便提及 $eths 都能引来的巨大的互动量。在社区成员和一些 KOL 的宣传和谈论下，许多之前并未参与 Ethscriptions 的旁观者也加入声势浩大的讨论之中。但这不过是屁股决定脑袋的行为，并不能成为我们投资决策的理由。

以太坊铭文概念

以太坊铭文协议 Ethscriptions 和比特币上的 Ordinals 协议类似，它允许人们在以太坊主网上刻入不同类型的文件，只要大小不超过 96 KB 即可。准确来说，该协议就是在一笔交易上备注信息（16 进制字符），由于交易发生在链上，所以是完全的链上行为，信息具有不可篡改等特性，并共享 ETH 安全性。

Ethscriptions 概念由 Genius.com 联合创始人兼前首席执行官 Tom Lehman 提出，并在 2023 年 6 月 17 日，为该协议开发了搜寻引擎和网站。

L2新叙事？一文带你了解以太坊铭文

Tom 的初衷是为了通过 Ethscriptions 协议来降低 NFT 的铸造成本，从而降低铸造 NFT 所需的资金门槛，进一步推进 NFT 的大众化。之后 Tom Lehman 及其团队利用 ETH 交易中的 calldata 字段存放独特的参考标识符，开发了一个基于 ETH 铭文的智能合约协议，以实现低交易费、快速的功能。

发展历程

6 月 17 日，Ethscriptions 创立，官方推出的第一个项目是 Ethereumpunks，上线大约 2 小时后全部打完，目前二级地板价 0.006 E。Ethereumpunks 虽然是官方推出的第一个项目但市场反响并不强烈。真正让以太坊铭文出圈的是带来亮眼收益的 $eths。

7 月 17 日，交易市场 Ethscriptions.com 遭到了黑客攻击，大量上架的铭文被盗。在这次攻击中，大约 123 个地址总共丢失了大约 202 个铭文。此前，$eths 早已经历过一次暴涨，个别铭文的售价一度触及 5 ETH。本次漏洞可以追溯到两位联合创始人创建的一个智能合约，其中包含的一小段代码允许人们从市场上撤回本不属于他们的铭文。但随后，这一事件得到了解决。创始人表示已经与许多受该漏洞影响的用户取得联系。

7 月 25 日，创始人 Tom Lehman 发推宣布，Ethscriptions Marketplace V2 正式上线，推出了一个新的面向以太坊订阅市场的协议 ESIP-2 。新市场的上线再次引爆了以太坊铭文的交易热情。 OpenSea 数据显示，截至目前，以太坊铭文总交易量已达 655 ETH。

8 月 8 日, ESC VM ( Ethscriptions Virtual Machine，以太坊铭文虚拟机）测试网上线，将 Ethscriptions 带向新的发展轨迹。在 ESIP-4 提案中，以太坊铭文引入了虚拟机。这是一个建立在 Ethscriptions 之上的新协议。ESC VM 为 Ethscriptions 赋予了计算的功能。而 Ethscriptions 也引入被称为哑合约「Dumb Contracts」的合约系统，用户可通过铭文与之交互。

9 月 8 日，Ethscriptions 官方正式宣布 $eths 作为他们的官方代币，铭文代币之后可以通过 Dumb Contract 桥梁进行拆分，$eths 将成为官方桥梁的先驱 Ethscriptions 代币，并且计划上线基于 Uniswap V2 的哑合约 DEX。由于增加了代币的可拆分性，并且 Dumb Contract 代币标准与 ERC-20 一致，提高了交易的便捷性，降低了交易门槛。

9 月 27 日，基于哑合约的 DEX DumbSwap 上线测试网。

10 月 8 日晚，$eths 量价齐升，从 300 U 左右暴涨至 800 U，引起了广泛的讨论。

L2新叙事？一文带你了解以太坊铭文

10 月 9 日，Ethscriptions 完成 ESIP-5 升级，转账 gas 费用降至 0.05 U 左右，gas 费用比一些 L2 还要低。

Ethscriptions 发展的三个阶段：

第一阶段：在这个阶段，$eths 可以与 $ordi 相提并论；

第二阶段：在这个阶段，$eths 是通证。基础层可以与 Arbitrum 或 Optimism 相比，并且会诞生不同类型的原生项目；

第三阶段：在这个阶段，以太坊主网的项目将扩展到哑合约的生态系统。

L2新叙事？一文带你了解以太坊铭文

扩容实现原理

L2 新叙事的源头是 Ethscriptions 的 ESIP-5 和 ESIP-6 开发提案。

ESIP-5 提案指的是 Bulk Ethscription Transfers from EOAs（从 EOA 进行铭文批量转移）。目前，非合约地址一笔交易中仅支持转移单个铭文，ESIP-5 上线后将支持在一笔交易中批量转移铭文。ESIP-5 通过引入 EOA 批量转账机制，将 EOA 提升到智能合约的水平。根据联合创始人 @0x Hirsch 的推文表示，每笔交易最多能够转移 4, 000 个铭文，在目前的 gas 费用下仅需花费 0.11 eth。

ESIP-6 提案指的是 Opt-in Ethscription Non-uniqueness（选择加入铭文的非唯一性）。目前，铭刻相同内容（字符）的铭文只有第一个才被视为有效。这样的索引规则能够保证铭文的独特性和唯一性，但对于智能合约等需要传递重复信息的使用场景存在限制和问题。例如，Ethscriptions 虚拟机的运行需要智能合约与哑合约（ Dumb Contracts） 之间交换和验证信息。

Ethscriptions 的核心是 ESC VM，可以类比 EVM (以太坊虚拟机)。

ESC VM 中的哑合约（Dumb Contracts）使 Ethscriptions 脱离了铭文作为 NFT 炒作的限制，跨入了功能性和实用性的领域，并正式进入基础层与 L2 解决方案竞争。

ESC VM 为哑合约提供了类似于 EVM 的运行环境。哑合约可以执行两个命令：部署（创建新合约）、调用（调用现有合约的状态更改函数）。此类合约的交互是一种较为特殊的交互方式。因为通过铭文的方式存储，它们绕过了 EVM 执行和存储成本（交易都用 calldata 字段存储在链上）。这也使得哑合约可以获得远低于智能合约的费用。

局限性

1.哑合约的函数无法直接调用，如果你想通过哑合约来发送 ETH，必须通过一个类似桥接的过程。

( 1) 用户向 Smart Contracts 发送 ETH。

( 2) 智能合约创建一个 Ethscription，向哑合约发送调用，通知哑合约 Smart Contracts 已收到 ETH。

( 3) 哑合约验证 Smart Contract 是否在受信任的 Smart Contracts 名单中，然后向用户发送资产。

2.开放性和通用性局限。Ethscriptions 不允许任意创建哑合约，无可编程性。其代码与其他 Ethscriptions Protocol 规则一起在 ESIP 过程中定义。哑合约相比正常智能合约少了很多功能，目前只能实现一些基础的内容，比如 Deploy、Swap 等等。

3.无法解决一些复杂需求。虽说 Ethscriptions 与 L2 都是在解决以太坊的可扩展性和成本问题，但一些制定好规则的、简单的需求就更适合通过 Ethscriptions 来解决。L2 的解决方案开放性和通用性更好，容量更大且更加立体。

总结

虽然价格的暴涨和社区的积极宣传引发了巨大关注，但是就目前实现的技术来看，Ethscriptions 由于开放性和可编程性的局限还无法直接取代 L2 的地位，只能实现一些简单的指令，所以无法满足一些开发者的需求，这对生态的建设是个不小的考验。但 Ethscriptions 还属于发展的早期，还有很大的发展潜力。

Ethscriptions 未来的发展还有很大的不确定性，需要开发者不断的更新和完善下去，其中需要重点关注以下两点：

1.能否优化或解决现有的局限；

2.生态的建立能否吸引到用户。

Ethscriptions 低 gas 的特性和 L2 相仿，在 L2 赛道启动时会是很好的流量倾斜点。目前 L2 项目已经技术落地，设施搭建完成，而此时的 Ethscriptions 还在规划设计中，时间不具备优势，以 L2 为宣传点更多的是为了瓜分流量。 Ethscriptions 此时等于是一张白纸，资本青睐加上后续的想象力以及 ETH 的技术优势可以成为新赛道的开端并不是没可能。

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