NFT效用概念爆火的背后:人性的贪婪还是创新的追寻?

墙灰AsHOnthEWaLLОпубліковано о 2022-04-22Востаннє оновлено о 2022-04-22

Анотація

真正考验“NFT不止是个JPEG”的时刻已经来临。

效用Utility这个词,最近在NFT市场上又成为了一个火热的争论点。导火线来自于著名NFT摄影师Drift的售卖开放版NFT《第一天出去》(First Day Out)。这张照片NFT在24小时之内成功卖出了1万多个,总销售额超过了600万美元。

市场

售完后一些藏家就开始询问Drift关于项目的下一步发展计划,包括作品本身的效用,来对持有者作为激励。然而Drift却回应,艺术本身就是效用,不需要有任何效用,所以也不欠任何购买他作品的人任何东西。

市场

此番言论顿时在推特炸起了一个大锅。艺术家们、推特圈大V们都纷纷出来战队,队伍的分界线又如此清晰。艺术家们基本都站在Drift这边,他们认为艺术家唯一的关注是在创作艺术本身,而不是提供所为的效用。很多藏家们却表示既然你选择在Web3的世界里玩,请尊重Web3的规则。

市场

贡丸看来,这种争论出现的背后,是NFT市场和生态一直在不断改变导致。艺术家和藏家们之间的这个摩擦,反映了加密收藏市场正进入一个对NFT真正价值的探索阶段。比起21年初NFT世界还只关注于图像本身,因此也带给了艺术家们很多时间红利,现在的藏家们随着NFT空间变得越来越饱和,开始寻求NFT技术本身在应用上可延展的更大潜力。

市场

近几个月来,无论是在社会还是在技术层面,我们都看到了NFT领域迎来了巨大的变革和创新。许多社区都已经开始达成一个共识,那就是目前这些数字收藏品仅以图像而任意估值的方法在未来长期内是不可持续的,需要在福利、权利、参与机会和准入标准等的基础上建立更多的效用,来为NFT藏家们(无论是新的还是旧的)带来了新的吸引点。
以下的2个案例分别代表一个创作团队和一个艺术家,诠释了如何在NFT通常的收藏性和稀缺性的基础上为藏家创造的不同种类的权益,包括活动门票、特殊VIP待遇、可赎回性、投票权、孵化、免费空投、和公益慈善目的等,同时也为项目本身带来了成功。从本质上讲,这些行为都是为了鼓励持有者在购买数字资产的基础上能参与各种活动,与创作者一起建立专属社区和享受前所未有的沉浸式体验,提高藏家的忠诚度和吸引更多的新藏家成为”伐木累“。

  • BAYC 
市场

无聊猿猴项目的巨大成功(贡丸写本文时一个猿猴的地板价已经超过124以太)离不开创作团队不断寻求NFT价值所在的先锋性。可以说,在别的项目还在讨论图像呈现的艺术性时,团队已经在挖掘NFT本身所具备的实用性,探索如何将项目变成一个类似于充满活动和派对等特权的终身制专属会员社区。做法包括与成员艺术家合作项目、变异ape NFT的能力、免费空投、独家merch、投票和游戏,以及即将公布的土地售卖。此外,BAYC团队及其专属成员投票决定了向许多与猿类相关的动物慈善机构慷慨捐赠85万美元。这个品牌不仅带来了积极的影响,最终使那些需要帮助的人受益,而且向藏家证明,他们推出的NFT效用为他们所花的钱带来了更多价值。

  • 村上隆

作为一名极具盛名的当代艺术家,村上隆一直游走在将传统艺术和流行文化的交界处。他的代表作微笑太阳花系列,获得了传统艺术圈和时尚潮流圈的共同青睐。除此之外,他不断举行展览和与大品牌联名合作出产品,让他的作品本身持续产生了巨大的市场价值。去年他与数字工作室 RTFKT 强强联合,推出了NFT项目Clone X。这些3D 的NFT 头像除了可以作为收藏所用,藏家还可以将其用于游戏、Zoom 会议等平台,目前该项目的地板价为17.3以太。

市场

继 Clone X 大获成功后,村上隆在今年 4 月又刚刚正式推出了自己的 NFT 项目《Murakami.flower2022》,由108*108 像素的网格中生成 11,664 种形态颜色各异的太阳花构成。每个钱包限买一朵 NFT 太阳花,以种子的形式发售,用户直到公开销售时才能知晓花的具体形态。除了已披露的roadmap以外,据说还会有相关游戏、线下游戏和实体收藏物品等作为太阳花NFT持有人的额外福利。因此虽然花的具体形态在21号才慢慢开始揭晓,以种子形态示人的NFT现在地板价已经涨到了接近7个以太。等更多有意思的效用消息确认后,超过Clone X的市场表现可能只是时间问题。

市场

当然,不是所有艺术家的商业头脑都和村上隆一样的玲珑,他们有他们自己的艺术追求,努力追寻着更纯粹的艺术形式和美感。关于这点,贡丸表示十分的敬佩和尊重。然而,如果因为这样,就认为以NFT形式发行的艺术作品也不应该被所谓的市场客观因素所影响,还选择继续停留在强调数字艺术品“图像”的独特性。那么随着竞争越来越激烈但流动性没有好转的市场,迎接艺术家们的可能更多会是质疑甚至是抛弃。After all, ART is always about BUSINESS。

市场

这层买卖关系,与传统艺术市场里的关系相比,其实并没有太大区别。更何况传统艺术市场中还存在着大量的中介,例如画廊、经纪公司、媒体公司,来一起推动艺术家的品牌和市场的舆论导向。虽然第三方也借此从中抽取了不菲的利益,但是也让艺术家本身有了更“宁静”的空间去专注于自己的创作。Web3下的艺术市场给了艺术家直面藏家,自我营销的机会,而不需要再借助中介的力量。然而,又有多少艺术家可以单枪匹马把自己作为品牌化来运营,和拥有这个精力和能力来同时兼任公关、销售甚至客服呢?
另一方面来讨论,如果之前艺术类NFT被拥戴是因为它能为藏家带来可证明的稀缺性、真实性和所有权,那么在经历艺术家们发布成千上万个NFT和赚取百万甚至千万元财富之后,藏家们还能继续享受作品图像本身的稀缺性嘛?如果不能,那这个所谓“不可替代的所有权“又有什么意义呢?试问如果满大街都可以看到毕加索和梵高,又有哪个藏家们愿意掏出巨资来为这些画作买单呢?无法避免的结果,就是藏家希望和要求除了拥有艺术品的同时,能获得额外的奖励,让自己手里的第N个版本可以显得更加与众不同,经济回报也可更加持续和稳定。不然面对需求面的下降和供给端的增长,作品价格的结局只有一个 ------ 下跌。这是经济课本第一章就教会很多人的基本常识。

市场

Anyway,你可以指责藏家们变得贪婪了,不满足于艺术品本身的所有,想要更多附加的价值来让自己的投资得以获取更好的利润,甚至是快速短期内的爆发式回报;也可以怒骂艺术家也变得贪婪了,只顾赚钱“超发”作品,而不愿意去面对供需不平衡后而带来的贬值后果。但这次争论无疑给新进入NFT市场的创作者们或者藏家们一个警钟,真正考验“NFT不止是个JPEG”的时刻已经来临。

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