以 The Sandbox 为例:解析区块链元宇宙初形态

分布式资本Опубліковано о 2022-03-29Востаннє оновлено о 2022-03-29

Анотація

从用户体验、内容生产、经济系统等维度分析 The Sandbox。

元宇宙是现实世界的虚拟世界,需要对内容生产、经济系统、用户体验以及实体世界内容等进行大量改造。目前,行业内接近元宇宙形态的平台包括 SandboxDecentralandCryptovoxels 等。其中,Sandbox 目前生态最为完善。本文将以用户体验、内容及内容生产、经济系统这几个维度来分析这个项目。
用户体验
从媒体介质来看,游戏无疑是最为适配元宇宙世界的媒介。从用户体验来看,游戏是应用中互动性最强、用户注意力最集中的品类。未来随着 3A 游戏出现,游戏效果将极大增强感官冲击,让玩家产生如临游戏场景的体验。随着人们对于游戏形态的不断拓展,玩家将不仅停留在打怪闯关上,也会探索游戏内的社交、玩赚以及学习等功能。最后,当爆款游戏成为一种文化现象而引发人们的讨论时,其意义将远超游戏本身。

经济

Sandbox 是现阶段唯一具备游戏性的项目,Decentraland 以及 Crypto Voxels 还停留在浏览的基础上。浏览指的是玩家只能在虚拟空间中走动,而无法做到其他的互动。在最近的 Sandbox Alpha Season2 中,玩家可以惊喜地发现不同的地图(游戏)对应不同的功能:有的地图强调游戏性(德古拉篇),有的地图突出文化输出(Snoop Dogg 篇),有的地图则侧重于科普(天星小轮篇)。当游戏开始拥有着复合的功能时,人们将实现在虚拟空间中云蹦迪、云逛展、云演唱会、云学习、云结婚,不仅仅是打怪升级而已。

经济

内容以及内容生产
UGC 其实不是一个新鲜的词汇了,Web2 中的 Youtube、Tiktok、Bilibili 等短视频平台都是采用的 UGC 模式,永动机式的内容创作使平台拥有强劲的生命力。对于游戏 UGC 而言,从魔兽 3 开始小试牛刀,到 Roblox 将概念发扬光大;游戏 UGC 代表游戏创作的一种先进的思路。相较于传统游戏从萌芽到诞生历经艰辛,寿命却非常有限;游戏 UGC 使基于底层架构的游戏源源不断开发出来,实现了生态的可持续发展。虽然 Roblox 是划时代的产品,却受困于 Web2 体制而发展受限,这会在最后一个章节中细说。
Roblox 给开发者提供的支持在于平台为创作者提供工具帮助开发游戏,且作为流量入口为游戏倒流。参照 Roblox,Sandbox 为创作者提供了两款创作工具。其中 VoxEdit 帮助游戏开发者创造体素素材(Asset)并放在市场上售卖,而 Game Creator 则帮助玩家搭建游戏场景、放置体素素材以及设计角色的动态效果等。

经济

对于 UGC 而言,创作工具的难易程度以及平台方的扶持都至关重要。目前,Sandbox 的创作工具完全是内部开发的,还未引入外部工具。这意味着第一,对于不熟悉体素创作的创作者需要时间学习,且从入门到精通的周期长。第二,现有的体素素材库库存还远远不够,官方需要吸引更多创作者创作以及引入外部素材。目前,官方开启了优秀体素作品的激励计划以及资助了部分的工作室,扶持力度有待加强。
如果元宇宙平台是飞船,UGC 作为引擎已经有了,而以 IP 主导的内容作为燃料需要不断填充进来。有人说元宇宙的形态是赛博朋克,而事实上元宇宙横亘古今、放眼寰宇,且亦实亦虚,如梦似幻。元宇宙可建立在现实世界中,亦可脱离开现实;目力所及或想象力所达之处皆可称元宇宙。以 Sandbox 为例,IP 可以是耳熟能详的阿迪达斯、华纳音乐以及 Snoop Dogg,亦可以是创作者脑海中的德古拉城堡、唐朝边陲小镇、海底世界等等。现实世界 IP 诸如阿迪达斯、Smurf、Snoop Dogg、Atari 的入局赋予了传统 IP 新的生命力,同时也让元宇宙平台更加出圈。同时,UGC 模式也鼓励新 IP 的创作,比如说 The Walking Dead、Deadmao5 等都将持续在平台上推出游戏。只要 UGC 模式不熄火,那么内容将会不断迭代更新。

经济

经济系统
上文提到 Roblox 发展受限,其原因可以归结于 Roblox 的货币 Roblux 仅仅在游戏系统中流通,兑换成法币颇为困难。这导致创作者的收入锐减,远低于行业的平均水平。除了平台、流量、创作者以外,变现以及收入分成才是 UGC 的精髓。比如,短视频平台目前采用的是对用户免费开放以获取流量,通过广告以及游戏进行变现的模式。对于 Web3 平台来说,即便拥有了 FT&NFT 可以灵活地调和各方的利益,仍要审慎地运用并掌握经济模型。经济模式终归是把双刃剑,它能加速生态的发展,也能让生态进入死亡螺旋。Sandbox 涉及了诸多的利益相关方:平台、创作者、B 端用户、C 端玩家、土地持有者以及通证持有者,一旦 NFT 或者 FT 的价格出现剧烈波动,打破了各方的平衡,便会影响到整个生态的发展。因此,项目方需要保证生态渐进发展,以谋求更长远的未来。
综上所述,Sandbox 是目前元宇宙平台中生态发展最为稳健的。这种游戏+UGC+IP 内容+经济系统的组合充满着机遇(对于创作者而言),却也面临着不小的挑战。比如,平台如何吸引创作者源源不断地进入生态?又如何平衡平台以及创作者的利益?平台方除了土地收入以外,还有哪些盈利模型?这些挑战还待项目方认真思考以及解决。

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