L2会弱化ETH吗:偏安一隅和星辰大海

蓝狐笔记Опубліковано о 2023-02-01Востаннє оновлено о 2023-02-01

Анотація

以太坊的L1格局不应该是偏安一隅,而是星辰大海。

有部分小伙伴担心随着L2上用户越来越多,交易量越来越大,以太坊L1会不会被削弱。

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看待这个问题,从以下几个方面入手:

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1. 以太坊L2的安全基石是以太坊L1;

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2. 即便没有以太坊L2,以太坊L1的处理能力也有限,以太坊极其需要L2来扩展,以增加生态吸引力,否则会被其他公链淘汰;

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3.当L1的交易遇到瓶颈,价格上升,也会带来L1的网络效应的下降,费用太贵对于以太坊L1长远看不是好事;

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4.当L2的交易规模不够大的时候,确实会对L1的费用捕获产生影响,但随着后续L2应用生态的繁荣,当L2的交易规模足够大,同时也会给L1带来更大的安全费用。

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只有成为繁荣的生态,在更广阔的空间里获得更多用户和开发者的青睐,才是有机的发展方向。

一、以太坊L2扩展路径不可避免

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以太坊的扩展已经形成横向和纵向网络。纵向的L2,甚至还有L3的概念开始推出。横向这里从两个角度说,窄义上看,分片算一种横向扩展。广义上看,不那么精确的话,其他兼容EVM的公链某种程度上也可以看作是以太坊的扩展网络。

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最终来说,以太坊的扩展会形成纵横交错的网络。从纵向的L2、L3到横向的分片、EVM兼容链。

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做个不算恰当的比喻,以太坊同时兼具Polkadot+COSMOS的架构模式,即为L2提供共享安全的模式,也为其他公链提供松散的联盟模式。当然,实际技术设计和运作差异还是很大的。

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一旦这种纵横交错的扩展性达到极致,它将可以承载大规模的应用,TPS10万以上是可能的,甚至后续ZK Rollup上的技术创新(密码学+数据压缩等)取得更大进展,理论上可能达到数十万甚至上百万TPS,当然这需要很长时间的演化。

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以太坊之前的分片方案由于存在分片数据同步的技术难题,面临较大的落地困难。目前以太坊已经形成以Rollup为中心的扩容路径,以太坊为了自身网络的发展,其L2扩展是不可避免的演化路径。

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L2+danksharding基本上可以满足大规模用户的需求,但抵达这一天至少需要3-5年以上

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二、以太坊L2为以太坊L1赢得更大的护城河

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L2相当于共享了以太坊安全性的链,它跟其他公链的竞争优势在于安全性,与此同时,其费用也相对较低,吞吐量相对较高,这意味着其他公链对L2的优势并不明显。在这在蓝狐笔记之前的《以太坊L2与公链的格局演化》也提到了这一点。

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如果没有以太坊L2的扩展可能性,L1将失去护城河和网络效应,最终会被其他公链取代

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三、L2交易量会超越L1和绝大多数公链

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从目前的发展趋势看,L2由于其交易费用的大幅下降,并跟绝大多数公链相比,有其优势。在这种情况下,L2的交易量和用户数未来会超越以太坊L1本身,也会超过其他绝大多数公链,尤其是2023年底EIP4844落地之后,这一趋势会显著加速。

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由于L2的交易状态和数据会提交到L1,L1为L2提供安全性。当交易活动都迁移到以太坊L2,在早期,这会导致以太坊L1上交易活动的减少,在这种情况下,以太坊的费用捕获确实会受到影响。不过,随着L2交易规模的上升,这一切会发生改变。来自于L2的费用收益占比会逐渐上升

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四、L2将不会只有几家,会有很多家

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目前L2主要有Arbitrum、Optimism、Zksync、Starkware、Scroll、Polygon…….未来的L2会越来越多,还有新的L2在构建或者还在路上。L2的格局还远没有确定,主导性的L2或许有3-5家,还会有很多更小众的L2。

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结语

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以太坊和L2是共生关系,是相互增益的关系。L1为L2提供比其他公链更高的安全性和结算服务;L2上的大规模交易活动会为以太坊L1带来更多费用价值,并形成更大的网络效应,从而提升以太坊的护城河。

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