熊市触底?V神与众机构的2023年预测里有哪些"密码"值得关注?

白话区块链2023-01-11 tarihinde yayınlandı2023-01-11 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

最近也有不少业内知名人士与机构发布报告,回顾了过去一年的加密寒冬并提供了对 2023 年的展望,其中又存在哪些值得关注的新动向或潜在的赛道密码?

前不久,以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 在接受 Bankless 联合创始人 David Hoffman 的采访时预测了 2023 年的三个机会领域,分别为钱包、抗通胀稳定币和基于以太坊的网站登录服务(SIWE)。

最近也有不少业内知名人士与机构发布报告,回顾了过去一年的加密寒冬并提供了对 2023 年的展望,其中又存在哪些值得关注的新动向或潜在的赛道密码?

SIWE:一个以太坊地址登陆所有 Web 应用

其中相比于稳定币与钱包这两个可谓老生常谈的话题,SIWE(Sign-In with Ethereum)在不少人认知中都是比较新颖的技术向概念。

作为 2021 年 10 月数字身份认证公司 Spruce 与以太坊基金会、ENS 等共同制定的登陆标准,SIWE 其实是一套通过以太坊账号登录第三方 Web 应用的技术规范,使用户能够通过以太坊帐户和 ENS 配置文件控制其数字身份,而不是依赖传统的中间人。

简言之,SIWE 旨在降低 Web2 应用或 DApp 接入以太坊账户体系难度,要知道 Web3 世界缺乏真实的、可持续的增量用户,这是公认的痛点和老大难问题,也是 Axie、Stepn 之所以能通过破圈效应讲好自己数十亿增长故事的关键。

而 SIWE 就可以帮助做好「增量入口」这件事——它允许应用在登录页面给与用户不同于传统 Web3 应用的使用体验,既支持 MetaMask 等 Web3 钱包的登录方式,也另外支持手机号、邮箱、Google 账号、Apple 账号、Facebook 等传统的 Web2 登录方式。

这意味着允许更多圈外的 Web2 用户能够直接以 Web2 的登录方式(邮箱、Google 账号等等)直接进入到 Web3 游戏,享受顺滑的登陆体验,而无需再从头开始理解、创建并备份自己的一套私钥体系和账号身份体系。

除此之外,SIWE 虽然能降低更广泛 Web 应用与 Web3 用户的连接门槛,但并不意味着它只是简单地将加密钱包登陆集成到传统 Web 应用中那么简单。

根据此前 Brantly Millegan 的介绍,相比直接使用 MetaMask 钱包「Connect」连接钱包,SIWE 多了一个用钱包签署消息的额外步骤:

这个步骤也是 SIWE 的核心,通过通过签署消息,用户可以证明有对应的私钥(不透露它是什么),然后服务器可以使用它来将用户与系统中的其它用户相匹配。

也即私钥基本上充当用户的密码,从而登录到对应的服务器,「通过同一个私钥安全登陆所有 Web 应用」,这也是 SIWE 为 Web3 用户提供账户所有权和数据所有权的关键愿景,也难怪 Vitalik 会格外看重它在 2023 年的想象空间。

稳定币与钱包能否「老树发新芽」?

2022 年下,先是 5 月份 Terra 的倒塌对稳定比赛道尤其是算法稳定币带来巨大冲击,深刻影响了其内外格局的演变;随后 11 月 FTX 危机更是让用户对CEX的不信任感加剧,市场资金外流到链上成为新趋势,钱包的重要性和关注度也日益凸显。

「房间里的大象」稳定币

具体来看,稳定币赛道中,虽然 DeFi、NFT 和 DAO 在过去几年中陆续占据了加密货币的中心舞台,但稳定币作为「房间里的大象」,一直在稳步增长,成为加密行业最大、增长最快的赛道之一。

据 CoinGecko 数据显示,截至 1 月 11 日稳定币总市值超过 1378 亿美元,相比 2022 年年初的 1800 亿美元下滑明显,不过最初 USDT、USDC 和 DAI 等主要参与者仍占据主导地位。

与此同时,UST 虽然出局,但仍有竞争对手试图FEI、FRAX 等协议都有自己独特的设计,并采取不同的发行策略。

所以加密行业的稳定币赛道风险和竞争激烈度都非常高,不过潜在市场规模达数万亿美元,尤其是像 USDT 早就已经迈开了出圈步伐,在像世界杯等不少有意思的应用场景中都作为可选的新支付选项出现,2023 年值得关注。

而 Vitalik 提到的抗通胀稳定币应该更多地得益于 2022 年全球大通胀的背景之下,是指锚定 CPI 进行灵活调整的稳定币类别,此前 AMPL 等已有类似的产品实践。

钱包:焕发新意的老话题

钱包方面无论是热度渐起的 MPC 还是基于智能合约的社交钱包,其实都是不断焕发新意的老话题。

其中 MPC 的核心思路为分散控制权以达到分散风险或提高备灾的目的,有效避免了单点失败等安全问题,在 2022 年行业黑天鹅不断导致去中心化思潮加剧的背景下,MPC 颇受机构与项目方的青睐,料将在 2023 年持续热度,逐步成为行业标配。

而基于智能合约的社交钱包,此前《比暴跌巨亏还扎心,加密资产白白丢失,社交恢复钱包能否派上用场?》一文中进行过阐述,它的核心思路是每个参与者对接受或拒绝交易的能力都有一些影响,但没有人可以单方面移动资金。

此外它不仅足够安全且能够应对钱包恢复、资产传承等需求,更关键的是对用户友好,足够简单,对于加密世界之外庞大的增量用户而言极易理解上手,所以对于处于熊市急需增量用户进场的加密市场而言,倒不失为一个 2023 年可能的流量入口突破点。

其它 2023 年的加密展望

除了 Vitalik 的 2023 年加密展望之外,也有一些其它呼声较高的预测。

譬如最近越来越多 KOL 开始提及所谓「GameFi 超越牛熊周期」的特性,Messari 就表示对 Web3 游戏先看涨再看跌,该领域可能被过度炒作。

此外包括大家耳熟能详的零知识证明与 zkEVM,a16z、Pantera Capital、NewOrder 等都在自己的 2023 预测报告中十分看好,如今在加密市场情绪低迷的背景下,零知识证明尤其是 zkEVM 在接下来整个加密生态的所扮演的角色尤其吃重,2023 年料将会是最受关注的议题之一。

Pantera Capital 也比较看好 MakerDAO 等一直在推进的现实世界资产Token化,认为到 2023 年,将有更多现实世界资产被映射到区块链上,并且这些资产可能会有更多有趣的应用,例如房地产,专注于以符合监管的方式将传统金融机构带入加密领域的初创公司也可能会增加。

总的来看,历史总是压着相同的韵脚,各家的预测展望的集中度基本趋于一致,且大部分都是大家都已经十分熟悉的确定性赛道——零知识证明、GameFi、现实世界资产Token化、稳定币与 CBDC。

但回顾历史我们会发现,真正能够引爆行业带来颠覆性影响的项目,往往是不确定的创新,就像本轮牛熊周期伊始的 Uniswap AMM 机制,很难在早期就得到较为一致性的预见。

不过历史可以作为镜鉴,像 SIWE、零知识证明、钱包等能够预测或者展望的,一般是日拱一卒的确定性赛道,它们为 Uniswap 等不确定创新提供底层的生长土壤,也能帮我们更好地看清本质,一如昙花一现的 UST。

加密世界没有新鲜事,所有的预测与展望,都能过去的事件中找到对应的暗线。

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