新兴 NFT 交易协议对比:Uniswap、Blur 与 SudoSwap

响指研究所2022-12-08 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-12-08 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

随着市场热度下降,NFT 交易需求从挖掘蓝筹进入小额、高频、博胜率的新阶段,Free Mint 和零版税成为这一时期趋势。

随着市场热度下降,NFT 交易需求从挖掘蓝筹进入小额、高频、博胜率的新阶段,Free Mint 和零版税成为这一时期趋势。

01 新兴 NFT 交易市场对比

今年以来头部 CEX,如 Binance、Coinbase、Kraken 纷纷宣布进入 NFT 领域。6 月,Uniswap Labs 收购了 NFT 聚合器 Genie,上周推出 Permit2 和 Universal Router 两份协议,并空投 500 万 USDC。8 月以来,NFT AMM 交易协议 SudoSwap 和面向专业交易者的 NFT 聚合器 Blur 陆续上线,获得快速增长和广泛关注。

NFT 交易协议是为了规范 NFT 的交易流程而制定的,包括交易的发起、执行和结束等环节。

部分 NFT 交易平台近 30 天交易量:

其中 Opensea X2Y2 LooksRare 采用链下发布、撮合定价,链上成单的交易方式,结合拍卖机制让 NFT 价格得到合理评估。Blur、GEM 以及已被 Uniswap 收购的 Genie 侧重于聚合,可以满足跨市场扫货的需求。

随着市场热度下降,NFT 交易需求从挖掘蓝筹进入小额、高频、博胜率的新阶段,Free Mint 和零版税成为这一时期趋势,而交易市场模式的变化,譬如聚合交易,则满足了新的 NFT 交易需求。

Uniswap NFT 市场

今年 6 月,Uniswap Labs 收购了 NFT 市场聚合器 Genie。又在 11 月中发布了两个新的智能合约:Permit2 和 Universal Router,并在 11 月底宣布 NFT 正式在 Uniswap 上线。这一连串的动作,无不昭示着 Uniswap 的野心。

Genie 是一个 NFT 聚合交易平台,作为 NFT 市场聚合平台先行者,在正式上线的第一个月,总交易额就轻松突破 1 万 ETH,并保持每日上百用户的持续增长。Genie Swap 支持的交易市场平台包括 OpenSea、NFTX、NFT20、Rarible 以及 Larva Labs 的 CryptoPunks。同时主打 NFT 批量购买和出售功能,并通过聚合交易来降低交易成本。

Uniswap 在 Genie NFT 交易聚合功能的基础上又推出两个优化合约:

Permit2 协议

Permit2 是一个代币审批合约,可以在不同的智能合约之间安全地共享和管理代币审批。随着越来越多的项目与 Permit2 集成,Uniswap 可以在所有应用程序中标准化令牌批准。反过来,Permit2 将通过降低交易成本来改善用户体验,同时提高智能合约的安全性。

Permit2 还带有许多令人兴奋的功能:

允许任何代币。应用程序可以通过发送签名和任何令牌的交易数据来拥有单一的交易流程,包括那些不支持本机许可方法的代币。

有时限的批准。批准可以是有时限的,从而消除了对钱包的整个代币余额挂起批准的安全担忧。

基于签名的传输。用户可以通过一次性签名将代币释放给获得许可的花费者,从而完全绕过设置限额。

批量审批和转移。用户可以对多个代币设置批准或通过一笔交易执行多次转账。

批量撤销配额。取消一笔交易中任意数量的代币和消费者的限额。

Universal Router 协议

Universal Router 是 Uniswap 的下一代路由器,它将 ERC20 和 NFT 交换统一到一个交换路由器中。

Universal Router 与 Permit2 集成后,用户可以在一次交换中交换多个 Token 和 NFT,同时节省 gas 费用。用户使用 Permit2 批准并将他们的签名传递给 Universal Router,从路由器合约中抽象出令牌批准流程。开发人员可以部署新版本的通用路由器,而无需用户每次都发送单独的批准交易。这允许通用路由器或任何集成合约保持不变,同时也允许在未来添加新功能。

Blur:面向专业交易者的 NFT 聚合器

Blur 是一个 NFT 交易市场 + NFT 聚合器,聚合器的侧重点是工具属性和交易体验。通过聚合器合约,可以实现多笔购买同一笔交易完成,从而节约 Gas,目前聚合了 OpenSea、LooksRare 与 x2y2 的接口。

今年 3 月,Blur 完成 1100 万美元种子轮融资, Paradigm 领投。Blur 致力于为专业交易者建设一个 NFT 市场,团队来自麻省理工学院、Five Rings、Brex、Square 和 Y Combinator 等。

10 月 Blur 正式上线,向过往 6 个月内在 Opensea、LooksRare、X2Y2 等 NFT 市场进行交易的用户空投包含 BLUR 代币在内的 Care Packages,Pack 有三种稀有度,避免巨鲸有压倒性优势。

在 Uniswap NFT 交易上线并宣布空投后,Blur 马上宣布第二轮空投,规模是第一次的 10 倍。第二轮空投根据 Blur 上架的 NFT 情况计算,根据其被出售的可能性以及 NFT 合集的动态积分:

全额版税获得 2 倍积分;

交易者扫货 3 次获得 5% 额外积分;

扫货 6 次获得 50% 额外积分。

用户挂单即可开始赚取 Blur 第三轮空投的积分,即使用户不符合二次空投的条件,也可以为三次空投赚取积分。第三轮空投将于明年 1 月结束,届时还将上线 BLUR 代币。

Blur 空投策略:

Blur 的空投采取了盲盒机制(Care Packages),用户获得的空投包具有不同稀有度。

不公布空投比例,但公布获得空投的明确规则,交互成功立即确认是否满足空投条件。

Blur 的空投分为多个轮次,让用户对未来空投持续抱有希望,从而维持交互热度。

Blur 的空投策略兼顾了随机性和及时反馈。从数据来看,Blur 的增长策略获得了巨大成功,目前是仅次于 OpenSea 的第二大 NFT 市场,不论是交易量、独立用户量、交易数量市场占比都呈现快速增长趋势。

交易费和版税政策

11 月 15 日,在 OpenSea 宣布为新 NFT 收藏品推出了强制执行链上版税的工具后,Blur 宣布平台将免收市场手续费,支持用户自由设定版税比率,并通过空投代币激励的方式来鼓励用户支付版税。

SudoSwap:NFT AMM 交易协议

8 月异军突起的 SudoSwap 凭借一超多强的增长数据,让基于 AMM 机制的交易市场映入大众视野。

SudoSwap 是一种基于 AMM 交易协议的 NFT DEX,以实现快速从 ERC721s 到 ERC20 的价值交换。SudoAMM 把 NFT 充当为 TokenA,把 ETH 充当为 TokenB,允许 LP 提供单向或双向的流动性注入,对 NFT-ETH 在指定价格内做市,从而获取手续费收入。SudoSwap 交易市场的运作模型采用链上发布,依据 AMM 机制定价,链上成交的方式。

AMM 让卖家可以立马卖出获得即时流动性,LP 则可以完全掌控资金池的定价。这种机制使得同一系列的 NFT 的价值都是趋同的,适用于长尾,或者同质化较高、数量众多的 NFT 项目。

交易费和版税政策

SudoSwap 采取的零版税策略在 NFT 市场上引起了很大的争议,对于 SudoSwap 平台上的创作者和项目方而言,他们可以通过提供流动性获得手续费收入,从而替代版税收益。

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