FTX 的崩溃不应该是区块链技术来背锅

去中心化金融社区2022-11-14 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-11-14 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

我们可以使用密码学和默克尔树来建立一个更值得信赖的世界。

我们可以使用密码学和默克尔树来建立一个更值得信赖的世界。

密码学和区块链是科学

密码学是一种古老的信息保密技术。它拥有计算机科学主题中最强大的数学和科学基础,并拥有高度活跃 ( 和支持 ) 的同行评审基础设施。该学科有专门的研究人员正在努力改进其核心方法,这些研究人员对发现其科学基础中的潜在弱点持开放态度。作为一门科学和实践,它早在人工智能、大数据、互联网、网络等所有其他「新」领域之前就已经存在。

作为一门学科,密码学可以很好地从理论转化为实践,它现在也已经成为互联网安全的核心。

如果没有密码学,我们的网络安全几乎为零。因此,「https」上神奇的「s」将我们的网络世界从一个对恶意活动开放的世界转变为一个将我们从那些想要窃取或破坏我们数据的人手中解放出来的世界。它基本上修复了互联网设计上的缺陷。

区块链不是炒作

对于区块链,我们也拥有一个高度可信的基础设施,它使用 Merkle Tree 为所有关联交易定义高级别信任。加密货币是区块链的核心用户——就像汽车使用引擎一样,但引擎可以用于许多其他应用程序。因此,区块链本身并不作为一种技术存在,而是作为一种驱动其他事物的引擎存在。

全盘否定区块链技术是一种肤浅的反应。「区块链怀疑论者」都是从缺乏科学方法的基础出发的,其实可以将他们等同于 5G 怀疑论者,或者等同于那些对互联网兴起持怀疑态度的人。

在区块链发展过程中,有些术语被曲解和泛化,在媒体中失去了一些意义。密码学的科学世界变成了只有喜欢与不喜欢的二元世界。我个人相信密码学和梅克尔树可以建立一个更值得信赖的世界。

加密

一度,「crypto」是密码学的缩写,但现在不再是了。「crypto.com」域名的出售突显出,这个词现在主要与「加密货币」联系在一起。

加密货币的核心是其应用了公钥加密的艺术,以及使用了区块链基础设施来创建交易的可信性。它是经过同行评审的科学,这些知识大多数是在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代创建的,该技术在那以后一直随着科学实践而不断得到发展。区块链可以处理任何交易,包括转账。它的潜力可能还没有被充分利用。它不是解决方案,只是工具箱中的另一个工具。

加密货币确实有潜力为交易创建更值得信赖的基础设施,但也有一些人在追求糟糕的金融模式时劫持了加密货币。主要方法就是用公司拥有的货币来支持公司的价值。而且,加密货币的另一个核心问题是行业普遍缺乏监管,缺乏透明度。

因此,如果我们创建了加密货币,就自然而然的需要一种方式来交易它们,客户可以创建钱包,然后使用他们的私钥出售自己的资产,并通过他们的公钥接收加密货币。这时候交易所就变成了交易大厅,人们可以在这里进行买卖。它与买卖股票的交易大厅没有什么不同,都是供需规律决定了价格。不过,交易所必须有办法为其持有的交易价值提供担保,并有足够的储备能让他们在困难的情况下保证可以正常交易。

欺诈只是欺诈

欺诈只是欺诈,先不论其用的是什么货币。发现 FTX 潜在欺诈行为的不是审计师或监管机构,而是 CoinDesk。他们发现,FTX 主要与 Alameda Research 公司有关联,该公司将其大部分资产保存在 FTX 的原生代币 (FTT) 中。

据报道,Alameda 拥有 146 亿美元的资产,但其中大部分与 FTT 代币有关。这是一种循环金融模式。

币安曾考虑收购 FTX,但由于顾虑 FTT 可能带来的风险,他们决定出售其在该公司的投资。FTT 的相关挤兑导致 FTX 于 2022 年 11 月 11 日申请破产。

我无法理解这种用公司生产的代币来支持公司资产的商业模式。这明显是一个庞氏骗局。

这该怪谁呢?

我觉得应该是各打五十大板,其一是我们没有在其中看到任何监管,其二我们也没有看到支持交易所运作的资金和资产的公开。

我不是经济学家,但我知道银行需要准备金。这些准备金必须是真实的、相对流动的,并且银行能够支付客户的大部分提款。例如,在英国,Northern Rock 遭遇过挤兑:

对许多客户来说,这是一个可怕的时期,但该银行克服了困难,后来被 Virgin Money 收购。不管我们喜不喜欢,没有一家银行能够抵御提款挤兑,银行必须有足够的准备金,以确保其价值可以与值得信赖的估值相平衡。

转移资产以逃避审计

人们还必须担心,审计机构和监管机构缺乏能够正确审计该类公司的技能,因为有传言称加密货币在公司之间流动。审计人员可以将这些转移视为公司资产的一部分,然后在审计结束后将其移出公司。

结论

从根本上说,这不是加密货币的错。使用加密代币无疑是一个经过验证的实体与另一个实体之间执行金融交易的更好方式。

在加密技术近乎确定的情况下,创建点对点资金转账的梦想仍然存在。但是,加密货币是一个襁褓中的产业,它需要获得用户的信任。

创造一个更值得信赖、更可审计、更透明的金融世界的梦想还在;只是有些人用它来创造了失败的金融模式。

加强监管和审计?

我们需要对该行业进行更好的监管,并确保能够发展出健康的公司,这些公司能够建设新的经济,并摆脱基于纸张的转让方式。因此,大家都需要清醒过来,接受加密代币的作用,以及我们需要更好地将这些代币与我们现有的金融世界进行匹配。

我个人认为我们可以使用密码学和默克尔树来建立一个更值得信赖的世界。在值得信赖的金融领域,监管机构和审计机构需要更好地理解这些情况,并能够发现任何潜在的欺诈和风险。

因为,他们保护的是我们的钱,是我们的投资,是我们的未来。我对金融的理解可能过于简单化,但在我看来,用稳定的东西来评估一家企业的估值似乎是合乎道理的,而将其资产基础转化为现金的能力似乎才是简单的经济学。

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