美联储加息75个基点“如箭在弦” 政策转向或“为时尚早”

比推2022-11-02 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-11-02 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

市场对 12 月再次大幅加息的押注各持一词。

随着联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)为期两天的政策会议即将结束,投资者似乎对美联储准备继续加息充满信心。根据芝商所的数据,截至纽约时间11月1日下午,芝商所期货市场预计升息 75 个基点的可能性为 87.5%。

而就在一个月前,市场预计加息 50 个基点的概率为 43.5% ,加息 75 个基点为的概率 56.5%。

美国劳动力市场强劲

投资者密切关注美联储的声明和美联储主席杰罗姆鲍威尔的新闻发布会,以寻找政策放缓的迹象,本次加息 75 个基点似乎已经"板上钉钉",但人们更关心会议传递的未来信息。

此前,多位市场专家和分析师预测美联储将在接下来的几次会议上发出“刹车”的鸽派信号,例如从 12 月放缓加息 50 个基点开始。

但周二公布的就业报告数据出人意料的“强劲”,这暗示着美联储可能会继续其激进的政策举措。

根据劳工统计局公布的数据,美国9月职位空缺总数为 1072 万,远高于 FactSet 估计的 985 万,总数比8月份的水平高出约 50 万,这说明劳动力市场需求旺盛。职位空缺增幅最大的是住宿和食品服务、医疗保健以及交通、仓储和公用事业。

美联储官员担心劳动力短缺导致工资飙升并加剧高通胀,即劳动力供需之间的持续失衡继续支撑着强劲的工资增长,加剧了普遍的价格压力,强化了对周三再次大幅加息的预期。

股票和加密市场走低

美股周二高开低走,道琼斯工业平均指数收盘下跌 79.75 点至 32,653.20,标准普尔 500 指数下跌 0.41% 至 3,856.10,纳斯达克综合指数下跌 0.89% 至 10,890.85。

加密市场方面,比特币和以太坊横盘整理,比特币在上周上涨 8% 之后停滞,成交量减少,价格收于重要的心理关口 20,000 美元上方。

政策转向“为时尚早”?

自 3 月开始加息以来,美联储一直面临着一个艰难的平衡:缓慢加息,可能会失去控制通胀的能力,或冒着经济衰退的风险迅速加息。

美联储官员果断地选择了后者,坚称由高利率造成的经济衰退比拒绝降低通胀造成的经济衰退更具破坏性。美联储主席鲍威尔曾在 9 月的议息会议后表示:“我们认为,未能恢复物价稳定将意味着以后的痛苦要大得多”。

投资银行野村证券(Nomura)经济学家在本周的研究报告中写道:“如果通胀意外上行并且[美联储]被迫退缩,在没有看到通胀取得有意义进展的情况下承诺过早放缓可能会对美联储的信誉造成另一次挑战。”

他们补充说:“我们认为,美联储在承诺放缓加息步伐之前,将需要明确且令人信服的证据,证明通胀确实取得了进展。”

市场对 12 月再次大幅加息的押注各持一词。

据华尔街日报报道,德意志银行、瑞银、瑞士信贷和野村证券分析师预计,美联储将继续维持 75 个基点的步伐,在12 月以相同的幅度加息。

与此同时,美国银行、高盛、摩根士丹利和 Evercore ISI 的分析师认为,12 月加息的步伐将放缓,预计加息 50 个基点。

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