开发商如何利用NFT在游戏内赚钱?

火星财经2022-03-15 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-03-15 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

一方面,玩家对NFT的价值有不少疑虑,另一方面,反NFT逐渐成为了玩家圈子的“政治正确”,想要利用NFT赚到玩家的钱,游戏厂商还有不少的路要走。

一方面,玩家对NFT的价值有不少疑虑,另一方面,反NFT逐渐成为了玩家圈子的“政治正确”,想要利用NFT赚到玩家的钱,游戏厂商还有不少的路要走。

—1—

PC主机游戏走衰,业界聚焦NFT

2021年,游戏业界的目光被NFT这种全新的营收方式吸引了。作为2021年加密数字行业的顶流概念,NFT市场从小众到出圈仅仅用了几个月时间,更是跨越了艺术品收藏、游戏、社交等多个领域,还在不断以巨额成交价格刺激着游戏发行商的神经。

对于游戏行业来说,在2020年短暂的疫情红利过去后,市场在2021年延续了2020年以前的下滑趋势。根据研究机构Newzoo发布的报告,2021年全球游戏市场将收获来自消费者的1758亿美元收入,同比下降1.1%。该下降来自于PC及主机市场,其年收入分别将同比下降2.8%至359亿美元及492亿美元(-8.9%)。

虽然研究机构对游戏业整体发展持乐观态度,但营收的下滑已经引起了不少游戏公司的警惕。全世界最大的游戏开发商育碧去年10月发布的2021年上半年财报显示,在2021年上半财年的六个月中,育碧净销售额为7.51亿欧元,同比下降值低于1%,净预定额(Net bookings)同比下降5%为7.18亿欧元,合并净收入(Consolidated Net Income)为160万欧元,比去年的2210万欧元大幅下降了92%。而2021年下半年,育碧并未发布任何3A游戏大作,全年收入下滑已经成为板上钉钉的事实。

在这种背景下,育碧将目光投向了NFT。

育碧在去年12月宣布推出自己的NFT发行、销售平台Ubisoft Quartz,允许玩家获取游戏内可使用物品的NFT。这些皮肤、载具以及武器等可交易游戏物品,被育碧官方称之为“Digits”,将基于Tezos区块链发行。基于该平台,育碧在旗下《幽灵行动:断点》中向玩家们投放了NFT。符合条件的玩家可以免费获得三件游戏内可以使用的NFT道具。育碧还专门在Twitter和Youtube上发布了宣传视频,不过这一次,他们的视频得到了玩家十分干脆的抵制:视频遭遇了超过24000次踩,目前原视频已经“不公开列出”,近22万次观看里,点赞数只有1700。育碧NFT的惨淡口碑当然也和NFT发放的方式有关:只有游戏时长超过600小时的玩家才可以领取NFT,而《幽灵行动:断点》的游戏内容并不支持这么长时间的游玩。

—2—

游戏厂商的致富经

作为一次失败的尝试,育碧用实际行动为整个游戏业界敲响了警钟:利用NFT赚钱虽然的确是个好主意,但如何让玩家们接受却是一个大问题。

游戏厂商如何赚玩家的钱一直是一个受到游戏业界关注的问题。在游戏行业发展的早期,游戏厂商盈利的主要方式是销售游戏本身,这也是目前主流游戏厂商采用的方式。依然以育碧为例,前文提到过的《幽灵行动:断点》售价59.99美元,国区售价人民币298元。

除了游戏本身外,游戏的附加内容,即可下载内容 (Downloadable content,DLC)也是重要的收入来源。《幽灵行动:断点》首年季票DLC包含了数个可游玩的新任务,售价19.99美元,国区售价人民币198元。

另外,游戏厂商也会经常推出小型DLC来获得收入。这些小型DLC可能是任务、道具或装饰品,也可能是游戏内货币。《幽灵行动:断点》并未直接销售装饰品和皮肤,但推出了可用于在游戏内购买皮肤的代币包,售价从4.99美元到79.99美元不等。这种收费方式往往被称为“微交易”,取其金额较小,但交易频率较其他方式更高之意。不少免费游戏和手机游戏采用了这种销售方式,也被称为内购、氪金或道具收费。从定义来看,游戏厂商发售NFT也可以算作微交易的一种,不过是将游戏内无差别的游戏道具变成了不可复制的NFT而已。育碧在《幽灵行动:断点》中发行的NFT在游戏内的作用是对玩家的装备外形进行修改,玩家也可以在游戏内商店利用付费的代币买到同类道具。

因为微交易能为游戏商带来持续利润,因此越来越多的游戏开始采用微交易的方式扩大收入,但这种方式也极易引起玩家的不满。2017年11月,美国游戏开发商艺电(Electronic Arts,EA)发行的《星球大战:前线2》,有着传统3A游戏的售价,但是却锁定了相当多的内容,包括极具人气的黑武士角色等等,而玩家想要获得这些特别锁定的内容,要么花费大量时间,要么花钱。EA妄图通过这种最简单粗暴的方法试探游戏利益的最大化。但游戏内种种“别出心裁”的微交易系统让玩家诟病不已,甚至在2017年圣诞节前后游戏在实体店内都无人问津。2018年3月,EA宣布取消《星球大战:前线2》中的众多微交易模式。游戏厂商在微交易上的探索远不止EA这一次。2014年,暴雪首先关闭了《暗黑破坏神3》中的拍卖行交易系统;2018年,华纳兄弟宣布关闭《中土世界:战争之影》中的微交易系统。

因此,简单粗暴地将NFT作为微交易的一部分进行发售对于现在的游戏行业来说是完全不可取的。那么,游戏厂商要如何利用NFT赚钱呢?

—3—

玩家为什么要收集NFT?

与实体收藏品不同,游戏里的数字物品似乎没有任何历史和文化价值,玩家为什么要花钱购买游戏NFT呢?

1997年,EA发行了世界上运营时间最久的多人在线角色扮演游戏《网络创世纪》(Ultima Online)。这款游戏中最热门的道具是一坨没有任何效果的马粪。由于其稀有性,玩家们争相在游戏中炫耀自己拥有马粪,没有的玩家则会不遗余力的试图获得它,游戏外该道具的售价一度高达数百美元。

NFT的价值来源和上面说的马粪相似,都来自于其稀有性和独特性。为了提高玩家对NFT的收集欲,开发商也可以采取和游戏道具相似的发放方式,而非单纯的空投或销售。

除了在特定时间获取限量的NFT之外,游戏开发商也可以为玩家提供基于社交的NFT,例如《魔兽世界》提供的战友招募奖励,随着被招募者等级提升,招募者可以获得数个特有的宠物和坐骑奖励。除此之外,依据玩家技巧和成就向玩家发放奖励也是常用的发放稀有游戏道具的手段。

与久经考验的稀有道具奖励机制相比,现阶段游戏行业对NFT的发放机制、交易方式、奖励模式都还处于非常早期的阶段。一方面,玩家对NFT的价值有不少疑虑,另一方面,反NFT逐渐成为了玩家圈子的“政治正确”,想要利用NFT赚到玩家的钱,游戏厂商还有不少的路要走。

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