谷歌Q2:Cloud暴涨82%,但FCF首度转负至-59亿,盘后跌3%

华尔街见闻2026-07-23 tarihinde yayınlandı2026-07-23 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

Q3 CapEx是否继续加速。上半年806亿,全年1950-2050亿意味着下半年需要1150-1250亿——比上半年还多40%。 Cloud增速能否维持70%+。积压订单环比增速已放缓至11.7%,新签合同规模是关键。 FCF是否继续为负。Q3 CapEx若超500亿,经营现金流需要超过500亿才能转正——去年Q3经营现金流484亿,需要同比增长至少15%。 Gemini 4发布节奏。皮查伊承诺"接近月度",如果兑现将加速企业渗透。 回购是否恢复。零回购是暂时性融资窗口还是新常态——对股东回报有直接影响。

谷歌的自由现金流,史上首次转负。

谷歌的Q2财报乍看之下令人振奋:营收1198亿美元,同比增24%,连续第12个季度双位数增长。GAAP每股收益9.11美元,净利润同比增298%。Google Cloud收入暴涨82%至248亿美元,营业利润从28亿飙至88亿美元,利润率从20.7%跃至35.6%。

然而,盘后股价跌了3%。

市场很理性:9.11美元EPS里有6.26美元来自Anthropic和SpaceX的未实现投资收益——990亿美元纸面浮盈。剔除后核心EPS只有2.85美元,低于市场预期的2.89美元。与此同时,单季资本开支449亿美元翻倍,自由现金流史上首次转负至-59亿美元。赚钱在加速,花钱在加速更快。

9.11美元EPS的幻象

GAAP净利润1121亿美元,EPS 9.11美元,同比增294%。

但是,"其他收入"中,990亿来自股权证券未实现净收益——主要源于Alphabet持有的Anthropic和SpaceX股份估值上升。Anthropic最新一轮融资推升估值,SpaceX上个月完成史上最大规模IPO。这笔收益为EPS贡献了6.26美元,为净利润贡献了771亿美元。

剔除这笔一次性收益后的核心EPS约为2.85美元,低于华尔街一致预期2.89美元。换句话说,谷歌的核心经营业绩没有beat——反而miss了。

这笔收益的风险不止于"一次性"。SpaceX上市后股价已有所回落,Anthropic最早10月IPO,上市后估值波动将直接影响Alphabet的OI&E。

990亿美元纸面浮盈,随时可能部分缩水甚至反转。

云业务:AI投资兑现的最好证据

如果AI投资回报是一个问号,Google Cloud就是最确定的答案。

248亿美元,同比增长82%,超出市场预期224亿美元10.7%——连买方最乐观的75%增速预期都被打穿了。营业利润从28亿增至88亿美元,一年内翻了三倍;利润率从20.7%跃至35.6%,15个百分点的飞跃。

积压订单(RPO)增至5140亿美元,首次突破5000亿关口。超过一半预计在24个月内确认收入——这不是概念,是已经签约、正在排队交付的真实合同。

渗透率同样惊人:财富100强中近90%已在使用Gemini Enterprise。Gemini模型每分钟处理220亿API令牌(上季度160亿,+37.5%),Gemini应用月活跃用户9.5亿。900万以上开发者每月通过API调用Gemini模型。

Cloud的爆发不是偶然。企业AI基础设施需求、AI解决方案需求、GCP核心服务需求——三驾马车同步加速。TPU订单和AI产品合同推动积压订单增长,规模效应释放利润率。

结论很明确:谷歌的AI投资正在变现,Cloud就是变现的证据。

现金流反转:从"最可靠的现金机器"到需要借钱

问题不在"AI投资是否兑现",在于兑现的速度跟不上投入的速度。

自由现金流-59亿美元。这是Alphabet/Google史上首次单季负自由现金流。

季度FCF趋势:

Q3'25:+246亿美元

Q4'25:+246亿美元

Q1'26:+101亿美元

Q2'26:-59亿美元

两个季度内从+246亿美元到-59亿美元——崩塌速度惊人。原因是资本开支的加速度:从Q4'25的279亿美元到Q2'26的449亿美元,半年内增长61%。

应对措施更值得关注:

6月,Alphabet通过发行普通股和强制可转换优先股筹集496亿美元。Q2通过发行高级无担保票据筹集约203亿美元。合计融资超过700亿美元。

同时,股票回购归零。去年同期回购132亿美元,Q2'26一分钱没买。回购从132亿到0,发股从0到496亿——Alphabet从"回购分红型现金机器"变成了"发股发债型融资公司"。

利息支出也从2.61亿美元增至12.78亿美元——4倍增长。债务服务开始吃现金流。

Investing.com高级分析师托马斯·蒙泰罗的判断直指核心:"市场上最可靠的现金流创造者如今支出超过了收入。只要营收持续增长,投资者或许还能容忍这种情况。但资本成本再次成为现实,而且每个季度的容错空间都在缩小。"

CapEx的加速度:2000亿还不够

单季CapEx 449亿美元,同比翻倍。上半年累计806亿美元,同比增103%。

全年CapEx指引再次上调:从1800-1900亿美元上调到1950-2050亿美元。上季度才从1600-1700亿上调到1800-1900亿——连续两个季度上调,累计中枢从1700亿拉到2000亿。

CFO阿纳特·阿什肯纳齐的解释干脆利落:"过去三年我们已大幅增加产能,但需求增长仍超过投资增长。"这不是乱花钱,是供不应求。CapEx结构也印证了这一点:60%服务器、40%数据中心和网络——全栈基础设施建设。

2027年的指引更令市场紧张:阿什肯纳齐明确表示"资本支出还将大幅增长"。分析师共识已升至约2570亿美元,Evercore甚至给出了2620亿美元预测,并在报告中开玩笑追问——"3000亿?3500亿?"

研发也在加速。Q2研发支出182亿美元,同比增32%——远高于营收增速24%。Gemini 4预训练已启动,皮查伊承诺"模型发布接近月度节奏"——这需要更多算力、更多工程师、更多钱。

这就是谷歌Q2的核心矛盾:AI投资正在兑现(Cloud +82%,利润率35.6%),但兑现的速度跟不上投入的速度。

如果把Google Cloud视作AI商业化最直接的收入来源,那么单季449亿美元CapEx已经接近Cloud收入的1.8倍——AI每赚1块钱,谷歌仍要投入约2块钱建设基础设施。

搜索:稳,但不够稳

搜索营收633亿美元,同比增17%——略低于市场预期634亿美元,差0.02%。

这个"差"在绝对值上不值一提,但它指向一个更深层的问题:AI功能推动了查询量增长(AI Mode月活超10亿,AI Overviews月活超25亿),但"推动查询"≠"推动广告收入"。AI化搜索是否真正提升了monetization效率,目前还没有清晰的闭环证据。

YouTube广告收入111亿美元,同比增13%,超出预期。世界杯期间17亿独立观众是催化剂——事件驱动型增长,持续性待验证。Network收入73亿美元,同比降1%——结构性衰退继续,没有悬念。

搜索是谷歌的现金牛,一年贡献超过2500亿美元营收。它稳住了,但"稳住"不等于"进化成功"。AI搜索的商业化闭环,是下一个季度需要回答的问题。

下季核心观测

Q3 CapEx是否继续加速。上半年806亿,全年1950-2050亿意味着下半年需要1150-1250亿——比上半年还多40%。

Cloud增速能否维持70%+。积压订单环比增速已放缓至11.7%,新签合同规模是关键。

FCF是否继续为负。Q3 CapEx若超500亿,经营现金流需要超过500亿才能转正——去年Q3经营现金流484亿,需要同比增长至少15%。

Gemini 4发布节奏。皮查伊承诺"接近月度",如果兑现将加速企业渗透。

回购是否恢复。零回购是暂时性融资窗口还是新常态——对股东回报有直接影响。

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