加密法案 Clarity 闯关记:美国两党妥协之路布满荆棘

Foresight News2026-07-21 tarihinde yayınlandı2026-07-21 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

美国国会两党正推进加密市场结构立法“Clarity法案”,但其立法进程充满挑战。今年1月,因Coinbase CEO的干预,参议院银行委员会已达成的两党协议被推翻。四个月后,法案凭借两党在“收益”问题上的妥协重回议程,但“伦理条款”成为民主党的核心诉求。5月委员会投票时,仅两位民主党参议员支持,并明确后续支持取决于伦理问题的解决。最终该法案在参议院农业委员会以党派投票通过,未获任何民主党人支持。 7月,共和党人急于推动全体投票,但伦理条款争议扩大,部分共和党人也转向支持大银行立场,执法机构则对开发者保护条款表示反对。非法金融和消费者保护仍是焦点,两位资深参议员分别强调了法案的执法工具价值和谨慎立法的必要性。 目前,两党虽认同需要市场结构立法,但在关键条款上难以妥协。近期有议员与白宫会面讨论伦理条款,但民主党人对其版本不满。行业期待两院委员会的和解文本,但其能否获得足够两党支持仍存疑。 可能的路径包括:8月休会前进行象征性投票;争取在2026年前完成立法;或达成包含伦理等条款的妥协框架。尽管障碍重重,加密行业仍需通过传统的逐票争取方式,在漫长立法过程中寻求突破。


撰文:Forbes

编译:AididiaoJP,Foresight News


美国国会两党议员正准备推进加密市场结构立法,即备受关注的 Clarity 法案。与以往所有里程碑式法案一样,能否在争议问题上达成妥协,将决定这项立法的生死。


对 Clarity 法案而言,这一路走得颇为坎坷。


今年 1 月,Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong 突然出手,推翻了参议院银行委员会已达成的两党协议及投票。该法案自此未能得到有效重启。


与国会时钟赛跑


又过了四个月,委员会才得以将该法案排上国会日程。这次绿灯得益于马里兰州民主党参议员 Angela Alsobrooks 和北卡罗来纳州共和党参议员 Thom Tillis 就「收益」(yield)问题达成的两党妥协。


本是积极进展,但此时伦理条款已成为民主党人的重要不可谈判条件。最终,5 月份委员会推进法案时,仅获得两位民主党参议员支持——Alsobrooks 和亚利桑那州参议员 Ruben Gallego。两人都明确表示,下一步投票将取决于伦理问题的处理。


Alsobrooks 参议员在声明中明确立场:「我一直努力让法案变得更好。请允许我非常清楚地表明:我今天的投票是为了继续以善意推进工作。这并不意味着我会在参议院全体会议上支持通过 Clarity 法案。我们仍有工作要做。」


Gallego 参议员也表达了类似观点:「我今天的投票是为了让我们能继续这些努力。但我想明确一点:这里的投票并不保证我在全体会议上的支持。我们还有许多未决问题需要解决。其中最艰难、最关键的是就当选官员的伦理防护栏达成协议。」


由于伦理问题未能达成协议,参议院农业委员会的 Clarity 法案最终以党派投票方式通过,没有任何民主党人支持。


加密政策妥协是否可能?


进入 7 月高温期,参议院共和党人正匆忙安排全体会议投票。此时,要求伦理条款的不再只是民主党人。对收益的争议还让更多共和党人站到大银行一边,而执法机构则对开发者保护条款表示强烈反对。


非法金融和消费者风险仍是核心关切,上周两位资深参议员的表态引人注目。


怀俄明州共和党参议员 Cynthia Lummis 在 X 平台发帖,重点强调消费者保护条款:「我们起草 Clarity 法案是为了给执法部门更多工具,而不是更少。该法案将交易所与调查人员之间的实时拦截写入法律,允许在数小时内冻结非法资金,而不是等上几年,并保留调查人员已依赖的所有洗钱指控。」


弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员 Mark Warner 在最近的参议院金融委员会提名听证会上,谈到坏 actor 时表达了乐观与担忧:「我想把这件事做成。我已经厌倦了身处『加密地狱』。但我们必须以一种不会让情况变得更糟的方式去做。我希望美国在数字资产领域领先。如果我们搞砸了,后果同样巨大。」


国会前进之路是什么?


没错,两党在需要市场结构立法这一点上存在共识,但作为华盛顿立法体系标志的妥协,正面临重大阻力。


尽管如此,势头仍在积聚。7 月 17 日,美国众议院金融服务委员会在纽约市举行了一场外地听证会。Lummis 参议员和俄亥俄州参议员 Bernie Moreno 会见了白宫官员,讨论法案并探索可能的伦理语言。


各界高度期待参议院银行委员会和农业委员会版本的和解文本,本周晚些时候有望发布。不过,一些议员质疑它能否获得足够的两党支持。Gallego 参议员在上周接受媒体采访时表示:「他们正带着自己的伦理条款版本去见总统,而不是我们民主党人同意的内容......归根结底,我们没有强有力的伦理条款。我不在乎总统怎么说。没有民主党人的票。」


国会拥有立法权威


能够推进立法的,是作为立法部门的国会。国会共和党人能否从行政部门那里获得民主党人愿意共同签署的强有力伦理协议?答案似乎见仁见智。行业基层热情高涨,新闻报道中充斥猜测,C 级高管也普遍看好。


但在这些喧嚣之外,加密社区在国会进程中是否有短期集体目标?


  • 在 8 月休会前进行象征性的参议院全体会议行动,即使票数不够?
  • 在两院通过,最终在 2026 年签署成为法律?
  • 通过严谨辩论,达成包含伦理和 BRCA(银行相关条款?)妥协的框架,以补充此前已达成的收益协议?


最有可能的是以上皆有。自两党通过《21 世纪金融创新与技术法案》(FIT21)以来,推动 Clarity 的实质性工作从未停止。


在当前阶段,设定清晰目标有助于明确时间表,并在 7 月冲刺受阻时,为国会山的两党策略提供指引。


尽管 Clarity 法案的障碍赛道崎岖不平,但逐票计数、逐位议员争取两党支持的漫长而令人沮丧的传统,正是加密行业有时间去运用和完善的战术。

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İlgili Sorular

Q什么是Clarity法案?

AClarity法案是美国国会正在推进的一项关于加密货币市场结构的立法,旨在建立更明确的监管框架,以应对加密行业带来的挑战。

QClarity法案的推进面临哪些主要障碍?

A主要障碍包括两党在“收益”问题和“伦理条款”上的严重分歧,以及部分共和党议员对大银行立场的靠拢,执法部门对开发者保护条款的反对,还有对非法金融和消费者保护风险的核心关切。

Q哪些参议员在Clarity法案的伦理条款问题上持强硬立场?

A马里兰州民主党参议员Angela Alsobrooks和亚利桑那州参议员Ruben Gallego明确表示,他们下一步对法案的支持取决于伦理问题的妥善处理,强调伦理条款是不可或缺的条件。

Q支持Clarity法案的议员强调了该法案的哪些潜在益处?

A支持者如怀俄明州共和党参议员Cynthia Lummis强调,该法案将赋予执法部门更多工具,如将交易所与调查人员的实时拦截写入法律、允许迅速冻结非法资金,并保留现有洗钱指控工具。

Q文章中对Clarity法案的短期及长期前景提出了哪些可能?

A文章提出几种可能:在8月休会前进行一次象征性的参议院全体投票;推动法案在两院通过,最终在2026年签署成为法律;或者通过进一步辩论,达成一个包含伦理和银行相关条款的妥协框架。

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