AI 巨头的「Token 补贴大战」,快打完了吗?

marsbit2026-06-22 tarihinde yayınlandı2026-06-22 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

AI巨头间的“Token补贴大战”正趋于白热化,但这场竞争的性质和可能结局与互联网时代的补贴战截然不同。 目前,OpenAI和Anthropic等公司的订阅套餐存在巨额补贴,高端套餐用户享受到的Token价值可能是其付费的数十倍。这种“逆向定价”旨在用亏损绑定重度用户和开发者。然而,与滴滴、美团等通过补贴建立用户锁定效应的模式不同,AI Token的切换成本极低——用户几乎可以无成本地在不同AI模型间迁移。这意味着补贴无法构筑护城河,一旦停止,用户可能迅速流失。 竞争格局呈现结构性不对称。谷歌凭借每年超3000亿美元的广告收入,拥有可持续补贴Token的“印钞机”,而OpenAI和Anthropic则依赖融资,未来上市后将面临盈利压力。Google Ventures创始人Bill Maris指出,谷歌完全有能力将Token价格再降80%,这将给竞争对手带来严峻挑战。 关于终局,文章认为存在两种可能:一是“互联网服务”剧本,通过补贴实现垄断后涨价;二是“水电煤”剧本,Token成为标准化基础资源,价格被压向成本线,利润率趋近于零。由于Token缺乏锁定效应,第二种可能性更大。这意味着AI竞争可能是一场没有明确赢家的“无限游戏”,参战者的核心目标是确保自己始终留在牌桌上,通过竞争共同推动技术普及和生态壮大。 最终,AI可能像电力一样,成为一种任何公司都无法独占的公共基础设施。这对用户而言或许是好事,只要补贴战持续,就能以极低成本享用强大算力。但对OpenAI和Anthropic等公司而言,它们所追逐的靠AI赚取暴利的梦想,可能从结构上就难以实现。

作者|宇航猿

Token 贵,烧的人心疼。

这不仅是目前痴迷于 Vibe Coding 人们的心声,即便之前疯狂鼓吹 Tokenmaxxing 的硅谷大厂,都开始纷纷给自家员工开启了 Token 限制。

但其实一个反常识的点是,当下在使用 AI 订阅的同学,其实你们在用的 Token, 已经被 AI 大厂补贴过了,其最高补贴甚至可能是订阅费的 70 倍之巨 !

多少更令人担心的是,OpenAI 和 Anthropic 两家 AI 领头羊,都已经进入到 IPO 冲刺阶段。等到两家公司上市之后,

会不会像当年互联网时代的「补贴大战」之后,剩下的公司开始纷纷抬升客单价,让 Token 的价格回归到理性?

好消息是,这种情况可能不会发生。近日,Google Ventures 创始人 Bill Maris,在 All-in 播客中提出一个问题:

如果谷歌决定把 token 价格再砍 80%,OpenAI 和 Anthropic 会如何应对?

无独有偶,不久前, 初创团队 Agnes AI,在和极客公园的直播中,就详细解释了可能到来的「Token 免费时代」 。

所以,未来 Token 的价格到底是涨,还是跌?而这对已经对 AI 上瘾的人们,又意味着什么 ?

01 Token 补贴都打冒烟了

为什么说,现在 Token 的价格,其实并不贵?

因为至少在 AI 订阅制上,各家 AI 公司目前的价格,已经是补贴之后的「骨折价」了。

近日,SemiAnalysis 详细评测了 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 订阅模式下,实际消耗 Token 价值和订阅费的对比。

SemiAnalysis 做了一件简单但有效的事——在各个 AI 平台的订阅计划下实际使用 AI 完成各种任务,然后用 API 公开定价反算这些任务的 token 值多少钱。结果如下:

注意一个规律:越贵的套餐,补贴倍数越高。这本身就说明这些高端套餐不是为了赚钱——它们是一种「逆向定价」,用最激进的亏损留住最重度的用户。因为重度用户是开发者、是企业决策者,他们一旦被绑定在某个平台上,身后会拉来整个团队和整条产品线。

亏到这种程度,为什么还要做?标准答案是:先烧钱换规模,规模起来后涨价回血。移动互联网就是这么玩的——滴滴和 Uber 补贴了几百亿人民币的打车费,补贴结束后打车费涨了;美团补贴了无数顿外卖,补贴结束后配送费涨了。这个逻辑成立有一个关键前提:补贴期间建立了锁定效应。

滴滴能涨价,是因为司机离不开平台上的订单流,乘客离不开平台上的司机。美团能涨价,是因为商家离不开它的流量和配送网络。补贴结束时,用户已经被「锁」在生态里了,切换成本极高。

但 AI 大战,和互联网有一个根本差异—— Token 几乎没有锁定效应。

如果 Claude 涨价,开发者可以在一天内把 API 调用迁移到 GPT 或 Gemini——各家的接口越来越标准化,很多开发框架甚至内置了多模型切换功能。对普通用户更简单:换一个网址就行。AI 不像打车有本地司机网络,不像外卖有配送体系,不像社交媒体有朋友关系链。Token 就是 token,无论谁家生产的,都是同一种东西。

这意味着补贴一旦停下来,用户可以瞬间流失。补贴不是在「建立壁垒」,更像在「维持心跳」——只要有人出价更低,用户就跑了。

而这还没有算上一个正在让所有人账单失控的新变量: AI Agent 。

你和 ChatGPT 聊天时,一次对话消耗的 token 也许几千个。但当你让 AI Agent 执行一个复杂任务——写一段代码然后自动调试,分析一份几十页的文档然后生成报告——一轮下来,token 消耗是普通对话的 5 到 30 倍 。有开发者实测,在 100 美元的 Claude Max 计划上,一次 Agent 编程会话就能烧掉价值近百美元的 token。Uber 的 CTO 最近透露,公司四个月就烧完了 2026 全年的 AI 预算。

问题是,这样的 Token 补贴大战,能否持续?谁有可能是在乱战之后,仍能站着看到最后的?

Bill Maris 认为答案显然是传统巨头。

02 Token as a weapon

要理解这场补贴战真正的残酷性,需要先看清一个结构性的不对称——参战各方的弹药来源完全不同。

谷歌每年的广告收入超过 3000 亿美元。这不是投资人给的钱,不是融资烧的钱,而是一台每天自动运转的印钞机。全世界几十亿人每天打开搜索引擎、看 YouTube、用 Gmail,广告费就自动流进账户。它不需要路演,不需要讨好分析师,不需要向任何人解释为什么要花这笔钱。

谷歌用广告利润补贴 AI token,就像一个坐拥油井的人去打加油站的价格战——他的石油是自家地里冒出来的,而对手的石油是找银行贷款买来的。

OpenAI 和 Anthropic,就是那些贷款买石油的人。

OpenAI 累计融资超过 1800 亿美元,最新估值超过 8500 亿美元。Anthropic 融了超过 1300 亿美元。这些钱来自风险投资和战略投资者——他们给钱不是做慈善,他们指望这些公司上市,指望退出时拿到丰厚回报。

而上市之后,麻烦才真正开始。上市意味着财务报表对全世界公开。每个季度,华尔街分析师会盯着收入、利润、用户获取成本、边际成本。当他们算出你每收到 1 美元的订阅费就实际亏损 70 美元时——再辉煌的增长故事也撑不住股价。

Bill Maris 在播客上把这个逻辑说得很直白。他的原话是:「如果我是谷歌,决定把 token 价格任意砍掉 80%,那 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 的商业模式会发生什么?」

主持人追问那概率有多大。Maris 没犹豫:「 100%。Capital as a weapon,tokens as a weapon(资本作为武器、Token 作为武器) 。」

这不是分析师的推测。Bill Maris 是 Google Ventures 的创始人兼 CEO,也是谷歌特别项目副总裁,曾孵化 Waymo 和 Google X。在场的所有人都明白:这不是假设,这是他亲眼见过谷歌怎么打仗。

他描绘的场景很简单:谷歌宣布 Gemini API 降价 80%。企业客户会怎么做?如果产品质量差不多——在很多基准测试中 Gemini 已经和 Claude、GPT 不相上下——但价格便宜五分之四,你会继续用贵的那个吗?

Maris 自己给了答案:「如果你是一家公司,去 Google 和 Gemini 那里可以少付 80% 的钱,买到基本相同的产品,你为什么不?然后对那些公司的压力就会变得非常严峻。」

而 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 几乎没有对称的反制手段。它们不能跟进降价——没有印钞机,每一美元都是投资人的钱。它们也不能靠技术差距维持溢价——大模型之间的差距在快速缩小,今天你领先三个月,三个月后就被追平。这不像 iPhone 对诺基亚那种一代人的技术代差。AI 模型之间的护城河,更像沙子筑成的堤坝,潮水一涨就漫过去。

在 Bill 的叙事下,谷歌赢面很大,但在 AI 的世界里,谷歌真的能垄断吗?Meta 随时可以开源一个免费模型,中国有 DeepSeek 和字节,亚马逊在推自己的模型。当你把 token 打到白菜价之后,竞争对手不是消失了——他们也在降价。

AI 大战,可能没有赢家。

03 Token 的「无限游戏」?

即便再不清楚历史的人,都多少会对当下 AI 大战的终局,做出如下判断:

第一种是「互联网服务」剧本 ——滴滴的故事、亚马逊的故事:先补贴,再垄断,然后涨价收割。在这个剧本里,今天的价格战只是序章,最终会有一两个赢家占据绝大部分市场,获得定价权。如果是这样,眼下的巨额亏损就是一笔划算的投资——就像亚马逊亏了二十年,最终成为电商和云计算的双料霸主。

第二种是「水电煤」剧本 。Token 变成一种标准化的基础资源,就像电力、带宽、云存储。没有谁能长期维持定价权,因为产品差异太小,切换成本太低。竞争把价格无限压向成本线,利润率趋近于零。最终,政府可能介入监管——就像一百年前对电力和电信做的那样。

两个剧本的分野取决于一个词:

锁定 。

滴滴能涨价,因为乘客被锁在司机网络里,司机也被锁在订单流里。亚马逊能涨价,因为商家被锁在它的物流和流量生态里。

锁定效应是「先亏后赚」模式的基石 。

但 AI token——前面已经反复论证了——几乎不存在锁定。API 标准化,切换成本约等于零。第一种剧本成立的核心条件,在 token 这个产品上并不存在。

如果第二种剧本,「水电煤」基础设施的终局,更接近现实,我们正在见证的就不是一场终将分出胜负的战争,而是一场没有终局的消耗赛。

美团创始人王兴曾描述过这种竞争状态。他的洞察是:有些竞争不存在「赢」的概念。参与者的目标不是打赢对手,而是确保自己始终在牌桌上。因为只要还在牌桌上,你就能继续融资、招人、迭代。离开牌桌才是唯一的输法。

用这个框架重新审视今天的 AI 格局,很多看似矛盾的事情突然变得清晰了。

OpenAI 最新一轮估值超 8000 亿美元,不是因为训练模型需要这么多钱。它需要这么多钱来继续打价格战。融资不是为了赢,是为了「有资格继续打」。

谷歌准备把 token 降价 80%,不是为了消灭 OpenAI 和 Anthropic。它是为了确保自己在 AI 时代始终是核心玩家——就像它曾通过免费的 Android,确保自己不被移动时代甩下牌桌。

而 Anthropic 把最新旗舰模型 Fable 5 的 API 定价提至前代的两倍——输入每百万 token 10 美元,输出每百万 50 美元——看似在「涨价」,实际是主动筛选愿意为高端能力买单的企业客户,因为它心里清楚:消费端的补贴战,是烧不赢谷歌的。

每一轮价格战,都会扩大 AI 的使用规模。规模扩大,意味着更多数据、更多场景、更多开发者涌入生态。这反过来让所有参与者的模型变得更强。参战者用战争本身吸引资源升级自己——这不是一个你死我活的零和博弈,而是一个所有人通过竞争一起变强、但也都不太可能赚到暴利的过程。

这听起来,像不像电力行业最终的样子?

140 年前,爱迪生和威斯汀豪斯都以为自己在争夺一个赢家通吃的市场。他们砸下全部身家,赌的是「谁定义了电力的标准,谁就拥有了电力」。但电力的命运告诉我们一个简单的道理:

当一种技术足够重要、足够通用、足够标准化,它就不再属于任何一家公司。它属于基础设施 。

AI 的竞争,表面看是谷歌对 OpenAI 对 Anthropic,是模型能力的比拼,是融资规模的较量。但把镜头拉远,这场竞争的真正作用是:它正在加速把 AI 推向一个任何公司都无法独占的基础设施层级。

当 Bill Maris 说「100% 会发生」的时候,他可能不只是在预言谷歌会降价。他可能是在不自觉地预言一个更大的趋势——在 AI 的世界里,token 最终不会属于任何人。就像今天没有人「拥有」电力一样。

对 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 来说,这意味着一件令人不安的事:即使技术领先,即使融到天量资金,它们追逐的「靠 AI 赚大钱」的未来,可能从一开始就不存在。它们面对的不是一个暂时的价格战,而是一个结构性的宿命——它们在竭力建造的东西,本质上可能就是下一代的水、电和公路。

而对用户来说,从某种程度来说,可能是个好消息。因为只要 Token 补贴战继续,人们就依然能享受到 20 美元成本、400 美元算力的「好买卖。」

İlgili Sorular

Q文章中提到,当前AI订阅用户使用的Token被补贴的倍数最高可达多少倍?

A最高可达70倍。

Q根据Bill Maris的观点,如果谷歌将token价格大幅降低,会对OpenAI和Anthropic造成什么影响?

A如果谷歌将token价格大幅降低(如降低80%),OpenAI和Anthropic的商业模式将面临巨大压力。由于AI模型的切换成本低,用户会迅速流向价格更低的谷歌,而这两家初创公司由于依赖外部融资,很难跟进价格战,可能导致用户流失和商业模式不可持续。

Q文章中提到的AI Agent如何影响Token的消耗?

AAI Agent执行复杂任务时,一轮会话消耗的token数量是普通对话的5到30倍,会大幅增加token的消耗量和成本。

Q文章认为AI领域的竞争与过去互联网时代的“补贴大战”有何根本不同?

A根本不同在于“锁定效应”。过去互联网公司通过补贴建立了用户难以离开的生态(如司机网络、配送体系),而AI token的标准化程度高,切换成本几乎为零,用户很容易在不同AI模型间迁移,因此补贴难以建立起护城河和长期的定价权。

Q文章描述了关于AI Token未来的两种可能“剧本”,分别是哪两种?并解释了哪种剧本更可能发生及其原因?

A两种剧本是:1. “互联网服务”剧本:先补贴后垄断,最终赢家涨价收割。2. “水电煤”剧本:Token成为标准化基础资源,价格被竞争压向成本线,利润微薄,可能由政府监管。文章认为第二种“水电煤”剧本更可能发生,因为AI Token缺乏锁定效应,产品高度同质化、切换成本低,使其更像电力和宽带这样的通用基础设施,难以被任何一家公司独占和长期获取高额利润。

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Former CFTC Chairman and Circle President Heath Tarbert has consistently advocated for a long-term vision in public, urging patience from investors as Circle’s stock price has fallen significantly from its peak. However, it has been revealed that since Circle’s IPO, Tarbert has continuously sold his CRCL shares through pre-arranged trading plans, cashing out approximately $30 million, without making any public market purchases. This contrast between his public messaging and personal actions has drawn criticism. Tarbert joined Circle in July 2023 as Chief Legal Officer, leveraging his regulatory experience to help guide the company through its IPO and expansion. Despite promoting stablecoins as long-term infrastructure, he established a 10b5-1 trading plan just before Circle went public, leading to substantial stock sales over the following year. In March 2026, he initiated another plan to sell more shares. His career trajectory highlights a pattern of moving between high-level regulatory roles and influential positions in the financial sector. After resigning as CFTC Chairman in early 2021, he joined Citadel Securities as Chief Legal Officer just 27 days later, during a period of intense regulatory scrutiny for the firm. He later joined Circle, aiding its efforts to navigate regulatory challenges for its public listing. While Tarbert's expertise in policy and compliance is valuable to companies like Circle, his actions—advocating long-term confidence while personally divesting—raise questions about the alignment between his public statements and his private financial decisions, leaving investors who followed his advice to bear the market risks.

marsbit22 saat önce

Former CFTC Chairman, Circle President Tarbert: Preaching Long-Termism While Cashing Out $30 Million Himself

marsbit22 saat önce

Gate Research Institute: The 'Wall Street-ization' Wave of Crypto Financial Products – Competition or Integration?

The article titled "Gate Research Institute: Are Crypto Financial Products Sparking a 'Wall Street' Wave—Competition or Convergence?" explores the evolving relationship between the crypto ecosystem and traditional finance (TradFi). The piece begins by reflecting on Bitcoin's original 2009 vision of decentralization, disintermediation, and moving away from banks. It then contrasts this with the 2024 landscape, where key crypto assets like Bitcoin are increasingly held through Wall Street products like ETFs issued by giants like BlackRock. The article questions whether this signifies that TradFi is systematically taking over the rights to issue, price, custody, and distribute crypto financial assets. The core argument is that this is not a zero-sum takeover but rather a bidirectional convergence where each side addresses the other's weaknesses. Crypto offers 24/7 global markets, programmable settlement, and open access but lacks compliant channels, institutional-grade custody, deep fiat liquidity, and mainstream distribution. TradFi possesses these but is constrained by legacy systems, limited operating hours, and slow settlement. Two primary convergence paths are highlighted: * **Path A (CEX to TradFi):** Exemplified by Gate, which has progressed from offering tokenized stocks and CFDs to providing direct, real stock trading (US, Hong Kong, South Korea) within its platform, using USDT. * **Path B (TradFi to Crypto):** Exemplified by Robinhood, which has integrated crypto trading, acquired exchanges like Bitstamp, and is moving traditional assets like stocks onto the blockchain via tokenization and its own Layer 2. Both paths are ultimately competing to become the next-generation, unified financial account—a "super account" where users can seamlessly trade cryptocurrencies, stocks, ETFs, RWA (Real World Assets), and tokenized treasury products in one interface. The growth of RWA and tokenized treasuries (e.g., BlackRock's BUIDL) is presented as the asset-layer fusion, providing stable, yield-bearing assets on-chain and acting as a bridge between the two worlds. In conclusion, the "Wall Street-ization" of crypto is framed as a mutual transformation. Decentralized ideals persist in the protocol layer, while at the application layer, a more efficient, global, and accessible unified capital market is emerging from this convergence. The future competition lies not between crypto exchanges and stockbrokers, but between platforms vying to offer the most comprehensive asset coverage, liquidity, and user experience within a single account.

marsbit22 saat önce

Gate Research Institute: The 'Wall Street-ization' Wave of Crypto Financial Products – Competition or Integration?

marsbit22 saat önce

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