马斯克再造资本神话?SpaceX IPO 临近,股价波动或比特斯拉更猛

marsbit2026-03-04 tarihinde yayınlandı2026-03-04 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

SpaceX可能最快于本月提交IPO申请,寻求超过1.75万亿美元估值。分析师预计其股价波动将比特斯拉更剧烈,主要因流通股比例低、技术风险高,以及对马斯克个人高度依赖。SpaceX目前年收入约160亿美元,利润主要来自Starlink业务。分析师预测其2040年收入或达1500亿美元,但需实现火星殖民、月球城市等宏大愿景。马斯克的时间表常延迟,但投资者更关注其长期目标。SpaceX与特斯拉股价可能相互影响,马斯克的个人争议也可能波及公司。

来源:金十数据

过去几年,随着 SpaceX 逐渐蜕变为航天领域的巨头,市场对其兴趣呈指数级增长。但投资者应当预期,在其公开上市之后,股价可能会出现剧烈波动。

据彭博社报道,SpaceX 最快可能在本月秘密提交 IPO 申请,并寻求超过 1.75 万亿美元的估值。公司计划在 6 月进行 IPO,时间可能与马斯克的生日或一次罕见的行星连珠天象相重合。总部位于美国得克萨斯州 Starbase 的 SpaceX,此前在吸收马斯克的人工智能公司 xAI 后,估值预计约为 1.25 万亿美元。

PitchBook 分析师弗朗科·格兰达(Franco Granda)在周二的一份报告中写道,上市后的 SpaceX 股票表现将类似于特斯拉 (TSLA.O) 的股票,「但波动性更强」。

未来增长预期:Starlink 将贡献主要收入

PitchBook 预计,到 2040 年 SpaceX 的收入将达到 1500 亿美元,经调整利润达到 950 亿美元。

相比之下,公司去年收入最高约为 160 亿美元,利润约为 80 亿美元。未来每年约 420 亿美元的收入可能来自 Starlink 卫星互联网业务,目前该业务贡献了 SpaceX 大部分现金流。

这一预测并未包含 xAI 业务。xAI 目前现金消耗速度较快,但未来可能从美国国防部获得更多项目。该预测还假设特斯拉与 SpaceX 不会合并,不过马斯克和一些分析师过去曾提出过这种可能性。

马斯克去年 11 月在 X 平台上写道:「我的公司,在某种程度上令人惊讶地,正朝着融合的方向发展。」

马斯克效应:愿景驱动但时间表常被延迟

格兰达表示,投资者从特斯拉身上学到的许多经验,可能同样适用于 SpaceX。例如,两家公司都受到马斯克著名的公开乐观主义影响。

格兰达举例称,特斯拉曾承诺在 2017 年底前实现每周生产 5000 辆汽车,但随后陷入「生产地狱」,未能达成目标。不过当公司最终在 2018 年年中实现这一里程碑时,股价大幅上涨。

SpaceX 也经历过类似延误。其 Starship 超级火箭的研发曾多次遭遇挫折,公司历史上的其他航天器项目也经历过类似情况。马斯克曾将 2022 年定为向火星发送无人任务的「理想目标」,但到了 2026 年,这一任务仍需要数年时间才能实现。

不过投资者已经逐渐习惯马斯克的时间表具有一定「弹性」。

因此,当自动驾驶出租车项目的 12 月截止日期过去时,投资者并未过度恐慌。随后当马斯克稍晚达成既定目标时,股价随之上涨。格兰达将这种现象称为「信誉账本」,即投资者会自动将延误因素计入预期,但更关注整体愿景。

这对 SpaceX 可能是有利的。该公司最近推迟了火星殖民计划,同时还向监管机构申请发射多达 100 万台太空数据中心进入轨道,这一计划依赖于 Starship 项目的进展。SpaceX 目前还表示计划在月球上建设一座城市。

上市后挑战:更高波动与对马斯克的高度依赖

但作为一家上市公司,SpaceX 在面对华尔街投资者时,仍必须实现这些目标,同时在 xAI 和 Starlink 业务上持续取得进展。因此,市场反应可能会非常剧烈。

格兰达预测,如果某些重大消息通常只会引发特斯拉股价 10% 至 15% 的波动,那么在 SpaceX 股票上可能会引发 20% 至 30% 的波动。这部分原因在于 SpaceX 预计公开流通股比例仅约为 3.3%。

SpaceX 股票也可能受益于所谓的「马斯克溢价」。即便特斯拉核心电动汽车业务出现下滑,这种溢价仍帮助其股价保持在较高水平。但这种光环同时也意味着,马斯克旗下公司对他的依赖程度很高。

坎托·菲茨杰拉德分析师安德烈斯·谢帕德(Andres Sheppard)此前表示:

「如今超过 50% 的股东会认为,特斯拉就是埃隆,而埃隆就是特斯拉。很多人,甚至可能是多数人,将特斯拉的成功与埃隆的任期直接联系在一起。」

特斯拉在年度报告中也提到公司对马斯克的依赖,并警告称,如果马斯克被迫出售部分持股,股价可能会下跌。SpaceX 由马斯克在二十多年前创立,目前他持有公司约 44% 的股份,其对 CEO 的依赖程度可能同样很高。

格兰达表示,来自特斯拉的负面消息很可能会给 SpaceX 股价带来压力,反之亦然。同时,马斯克的政治立场也曾引发争议,并导致特斯拉销量受到影响。格兰达总结称:

「更低的流通股比例、更早期阶段的技术以及高度集中的马斯克风险敞口,这些因素叠加在一起,意味着其波动性可能超过特斯拉历史上已经相当剧烈的波动模式。」

İlgili Sorular

QSpaceX预计的IPO估值是多少?

ASpaceX最快可能在本月秘密提交IPO申请,并寻求超过1.75万亿美元的估值。

QSpaceX的主要收入来源是什么?

AStarlink卫星互联网业务是SpaceX的主要收入来源,预计未来每年约420亿美元的收入将来自该业务。

Q分析师认为SpaceX上市后的股价波动性如何?

A分析师预测SpaceX上市后的股价波动性将比特斯拉更强,某些重大消息可能引发20%至30%的波动。

Q马斯克在SpaceX中持有多少股份?

A马斯克目前持有SpaceX约44%的股份。

QSpaceX的长期收入目标是多少?

APitchBook预计,到2040年SpaceX的收入将达到1500亿美元,经调整利润达到950亿美元。

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