新加坡的 Web3 大撤离:未来将有哪些变化?

深潮2025-06-24 tarihinde yayınlandı2025-06-24 tarihinde güncellendi

DTSP 法规重塑新加坡 Web3 行业。

撰文:Aiden、Jay Jo

编译:白话区块链

概要

新加坡凭借灵活的监管环境吸引了众多 Web3 公司,被称为「亚洲的特拉华」。然而,空壳公司激增以及 Terraform Labs 和 3AC 等高调公司的倒闭暴露了监管漏洞。

2025 年,新加坡金融管理局 (MAS) 将实施数字 Token 服务提供商 (DTSP) 框架,所有在新加坡提供数字资产服务的公司必须获得许可,仅注册公司不再足以开展数字资产业务。

新加坡继续支持创新,但监管力度显著加强,政府要求更高的责任感和合规性。新加坡的 Web3 公司需发展运营能力或考虑转移至其他司法管辖区。

1. 新加坡监管环境的变化

多年来,全球企业将新加坡称为「亚洲的特拉华」,因其清晰的法规、低企业税率和快速注册流程吸引了全球企业。这种基础同样适用于 Web3 行业。新加坡的商业友好环境自然成为 Web3 公司的理想目的地。MAS 较早认识到加密货币的增长潜力,主动制定监管框架,为 Web3 公司在现有体系内运作提供了空间。

MAS 颁布了《支付服务法》(PSA),将数字资产服务纳入明确的监管体系,并推出监管沙盒,允许公司在特定条件下试验新商业模式。这些措施减少了早期市场的不确定性,使新加坡成为亚洲 Web3 行业的中心。

然而,近期新加坡的政策方向出现变化。MAS 逐渐放弃灵活的监管方式,收紧监管标准并修订框架。数据清晰显示这一转变:自 2021 年以来,超过 500 份许可证申请中,批准率低于 10%。这表明 MAS 大幅提高了审批标准,并在有限的监管能力下采取了更严格的风险管理措施。

本报告探讨这些监管变化如何重塑新加坡的 Web3 格局。

2. DTSP 框架:为何现在推出,变化何在?

2.1. 监管收紧的背景

新加坡在加密行业早期就发现了其潜力,通过灵活的法规和沙盒吸引了大量公司,许多 Web3 公司因此将新加坡视为亚洲基地。

然而,现有体系的局限性逐渐显现。一个关键问题是「空壳公司」模式,即企业在新加坡注册实体,但实际运营在海外,利用《支付服务法》(PSA) 的监管漏洞。当时,PSA 仅要求为新加坡用户提供服务的公司获得许可,部分公司通过在海外运营规避了这一要求。这些公司利用新加坡的制度信誉,却逃避实际监管。

MAS 认为,这种结构使得反洗钱 (AML) 和反恐融资 (CFT) 执法变得困难。企业虽在新加坡注册,但运营和资金流动完全在海外,监管机构难以实施有效监管。金融行动特别工作组 (FATF) 将此称为「离岸虚拟资产服务提供商 (VASP)」结构,警告注册地与运营地不一致导致全球监管漏洞。

2022 年 Terraform Labs 和 Three Arrows Capital(3AC) 的倒闭将这些问题变为现实。这两家公司在新加坡注册了实体,但实际运营在海外,MAS 无法对其进行有效监管或执法,导致数十亿美元的损失,新加坡的监管信誉也受到损害。MAS 决定不再容忍此类监管漏洞。

2.2. DTSP 法规的关键变化与影响

新加坡金融管理局 (MAS) 将于 2025 年 6 月 30 日起实施新的数字 Token 服务提供商 (DTSP) 法规,隶属于《金融服务与市场法》(FSMA 2022) 第九部分。FSMA 整合了 MAS 此前分散的监管权力,形成全面的金融立法,以应对包括数字资产在内的新金融环境。

新法规旨在解决 PSA 的局限性。PSA 仅要求为新加坡用户提供服务的公司获得许可,部分公司通过在海外运营规避了监管。DTSP 框架直接针对这种结构规避行为,所有以新加坡为运营基地或在新加坡开展业务的数字资产公司均须获得许可,无论其用户位于何处。即使仅服务海外客户的公司,若在新加坡运营,也必须遵守。

MAS 明确表示,不会向没有实质业务基础的公司发放许可。到 2025 年 6 月 30 日仍未满足要求的公司必须立即停止运营。这不仅是一次临时执法,而是新加坡向以信任为中心的数字金融中心长期转型的信号。

3. DTSP 框架下的监管范围重新定义

DTSP 框架要求在新加坡的数字 Token 服务运营商遵守更明确的监管要求。MAS 要求任何被视为「以新加坡为基地」的企业获得许可,无论其用户位置或组织结构如何。此前未受监管的业务类型现被纳入监管范围。

关键示例包括:在新加坡注册但完全在海外运营的公司;以及在海外注册但核心功能 ( 如开发、管理、营销 ) 在新加坡的公司。即使是新加坡居民以持续商业方式参与项目,也可能需遵守 DTSP 要求,无论其是否隶属于正式组织。MAS 的判断标准明确:活动是否在新加坡发生?是否具有商业性质?

这些变化不仅扩大了监管范围,还要求运营商具备实质性运营能力,包括反洗钱 (AML)、反恐融资 (CFT)、技术风险管理和内部控制。运营商需评估其新加坡活动是否受监管,是否能在新框架下维持业务。

DTSP 的实施表明新加坡正在转型,不再仅是利用监管声誉的场所。新加坡现在要求企业承担高于一定门槛的责任和纪律。希望在新加坡继续开展加密业务的公司和个人必须清晰了解其活动,认识 DTSP 标准下的监管影响,并在必要时建立适当的组织结构和运营体系。

4. 总结

新加坡的 DTSP 法规显示出监管机构对加密行业的态度转变。MAS 此前保持灵活政策,帮助新技术与商业模式快速进入市场。然而,此次监管改革不仅是简单的收紧,而是对以新加坡为实际业务基地的实体施加明确责任。框架从开放的实验空间转向仅支持符合监管标准的运营商。

这一变化意味着运营商必须从根本上调整其在新加坡的运营。无法满足新监管标准的公司可能面临艰难抉择:调整运营框架或迁移业务基地。香港、阿布扎比和迪拜等地正以不同方式发展加密监管框架,部分公司可能考虑这些地区作为替代基地。

然而,这些司法管辖区同样要求为本地用户或在其境内运营的服务取得许可,涉及资本要求、反洗钱标准和运营实质性规则。因此,公司应将迁移视为战略决策,而非简单的监管规避,需综合考虑监管强度、监管方式和运营成本。

新加坡的新监管框架可能短期内造成进入壁垒,但也表明市场将围绕具备足够责任感和透明度的运营商进行重构。该体系的有效性取决于这些结构性变化是否可持续且一致。未来机构与市场的互动将决定新加坡能否被认可为稳定可靠的商业环境。

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