内地加密寒冬再次来临?网传杭州对加密从业者进行大摸排

深潮2025-06-11 tarihinde yayınlandı2025-06-11 tarihinde güncellendi

至少目前来说,还不能确定内地加密行业又遇寒冬。

撰文:刘正要

引言

昨天刘律师刚刚写了一篇《币圈「远洋捕捞」,要结束了吗?》,聊了聊国内加密行业者的法律风险,今天一早就看到一则消息:杭州,也是国内 web3 创业比较火热的地区,自 6 月 8 日以来当地警方开始对辖区内的加密从业者进行调查。

一、警方在调查什么

根据网络平台博主(@mirrorzk) 的文章,杭州的加密从业者被警方口头通知携带笔记本电脑前往派出所配合进行数据采集、信息恢复、做笔录等工作。被调查人员称警方使用采集设备恢复出了已经卸载的 Telegram、Slack 软件中的聊天记录。

根据博主的分析,目前杭州当地重点关注的加密从业群体包括:

(一)有参与过代币发行 / 项目融资经历的人;

(二)在境外募资、融资回流、跨境转账、有 USDT 场外活动记录的公司或个人;

(三)(web3)社区运营或有拉新背景的人(如 KOL、DAO 管理、节点运营等群体)

博主分析杭州的排查工作可能是全国范围展开排查的前奏,因为杭州公安区块链领域的领先技术,加之杭州聚集了仅次于深圳的 web3 人才(刘律师个人看法),以及杭州乃至整个浙江的跨境虚拟货币交易旺盛等等因素,决定了杭州成为首个对国内币圈进行大摸排的城市。

二、律师判断加密从业者为何会被调查

从 web3 律师的角度来看,我个人倒是先保守一点来说,目前还没有特别充分的证据证明中国内地会在「9.24 通知」的基础上再对币圈「严打」。但如果杭州事件确实属实,需要考虑以下因素:

(一)杭州可能有大的币圈团队涉及刑事案件,导致杭州区域内对整个加密从业者进行摸排、清查,主要是确认加密从业者刑事涉案的可能性大小;

(二)基于外汇管理局、人行等部门的金融监管部门的相关线索,公安对辖区内的加密从业者的调查,主要基于未来的金融领域对加密货币的监管;

(三)基于税务部门的考量,因为加密货币是天然的避税工具。如果我国未来要对加密货币持有者征税,也需要现在从试点城市开始来「摸着石头过河」,为未来对加密资产征税制定依据。

这里面需要特别注意的是,在我国公民的私人财产未经法定程序,不受任何人搜查、扣押。公安机关(民警)通过口头传唤公民到办案机关配合调查确实有法律依据;但是如果要进一步将公民的笔记本电脑中的数据通过技术手段恢复,是需要履行法定的手续的(比如出具《扣押决定书》),而不能仅仅是口头要求就行的。

三、内地加密寒冬又来临了吗?

自从 2021 年 9 月 15 日国家十部委联合发布《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险的通知》(以下简称「9.24 通知」)后,我国对虚拟货币相关业务活动几乎全部禁止。

国家对于在内地开展虚拟货币与法币兑换、虚拟货币之间的兑换、作为中央对手方买卖虚拟货币、为虚拟货币交易提供信息中介和定价、代币发行融资以及虚拟货币衍生品交易等业务均属于非法金融活动。被一律严格禁止、取缔。对于构成犯罪的要被追究刑事责任。

同时,中国内地不允许任何境内或境外的虚拟货币交易所进行展业,对于为境外虚拟货币交易所提供服务(营销宣传、支付结算、技术支持等)也要被追究法律责任。此外,我国要求金融机构和非银行支付机构不得为虚拟货币交易提供服务(各位平时使用微信、支付宝、银行卡买卖虚拟货币其实是违反「9.24 通知」的)、中国内地的企业等主体不能含有「虚拟货币」「虚拟资产」「加密货币」「加密资产」等字样。加上 2021 年禁止挖矿的「9.3 通知」(《关于整治虚拟货币「挖矿」活动的通知》),这些规定基本上将中国内地与虚拟货币相关业务完全隔绝。

但是,「9.24 通知」又规定「任何法人、非法人组织和自然人投资虚拟货币及相关衍生品,违背公序良俗的,相关民事法律行为无效,由此引发的损失由其自行承担;」这条规定被不少法律从业者解读为:中国不禁止虚拟货币投资,但是也不予以保护。刘律师在之前的文章也持这种观点,因为法无禁止即可为,只要我国并没有明确禁止公民投资虚拟货币,那么谁也不能说在中国买卖虚拟货币违法。

又但是,法律理论都是美好的。实务中,我们遇到了太多的只是因为买卖虚拟货币(主观上可以明确证明无犯罪故意)收到赃款,就被定罪判刑的。所以,如果想要完全杜绝币圈法律风险,我现在都建议内地公民不要炒作、交易虚拟货币。

回到杭州的事件上,确实也不能排除这是全国性的「禁币活动」的序言。但也有可能是单纯因为杭州加密圈出现了一些法律事件,未来并不能扩展为全国性的运动。至少目前来说,还不能确定内地加密行业又遇寒冬。

四、写在最后

新加坡金融管理局(MAS) 在 5 月 30 日发布的政策指引中,规定了在今年 6 月 30 日实施的新加坡史上最强 web3 监管;中国内地在「9.24 通知」的基础上,司法机关对于涉币类业务持续打击;香港宣称对 web3 开放,但是实际动作半遮半掩,欲迎还拒;美国的加密政策其实也没有那么友好···

以去中心化、匿名性等为特征的加密货币未来到底如何发展,谁也说不好。想当初比特币的兴起并不是靠主动向中心化的机构、组织靠拢、表忠心;而是依靠其技术共识不断被懂或不懂区块链技术的普通大众所接纳,最终使得更加中心化的机构(如跨国公司、政府机构等)不得不接纳。所以真正的加密信仰者,其实无需在意中心化的机构对加密货币做了什么,而是要不断努力使加密货币真正能够体现它的价值。

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