大隐隐于私,写在 Nillion 发币前

Foresight News2025-03-24 tarihinde yayınlandı2025-03-24 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

不是隐私技术不重要,而是隐私技术和代币的结合不再重要,至少在现阶段不重要。

撰文:佐爷

商鞅知马力,比干见人心。

NIL 登天日,XMR 下架时。

区块链发源于隐私技术,尤其是密码学,从椭圆曲线到零知识证明,无不证明隐私经济学在 Web 3.0 时代的成功。

但是事情不会很完美,从 XMR 频遭 CEX/DEX 下架,再到 Tornado Cash 创始人被捕,你会发现,即使 Nillion 能上币安,隐私类项目的极客精神正在退却,而其最终产品交付能力也难称完美。

在隐私产品的打磨上,区块链同类项目需要向 Web2 同行学习一下,提升自己的姿势水平。

Proton 证明隐私可以是运转良好的产品形态

Privacy is a Feature,Not a Product.

单纯谈论隐私对产品形态的补强缺乏意义,换言之,隐私也需要 PMF,谷歌、Meta 等巨头能一边侵犯隐私,一边又让人欲罢不能,在于便捷性和网络效应,开箱即用和大家都用,个人不用办公场景也要用,那么最终就会接受谷歌的一切。

在这一点上,监管部门以罚代管模式无比失败,即使以传奇耐罚王谷歌的 29.74 亿美元为例,谷歌大概只需要多花 16 天就能赚回来,而这些罚款并不能变成欧洲科技企业的收入,导致他们进一步面对谷歌的无力。

面对这个问题,Proton 采取的办法是自建全家桶,起自 CERN(欧洲核子研究中心),科研人员的纯粹天生信誉比商业公司更高,密码学技术、代码开源、产品审计,搭建出的隐私产品才真正具备现实意义——你可以不用谷歌的全家桶,也能实现对应的功能。

当然,目前的网络效应和规模效应依然无法对抗巨头,但是和区块链同行相比,他们给出的产品足够日常使用,是合格的 Google Alternative。

相较于 Google Workspace 全家桶,目前的 Proton 基本围绕 Proton Mail 自身的对标产物,值得一提的是,Proton Mail 也是推特、Square 等创始人 Jack Dorsey 的心头好。

Proton Mail 不同于一般的邮件产品,无需绑定手机号即可使用,并且支持端到端加密模式,确保邮件的隐私传输,在 Telegram 被监管之前,配合 TG 的端到端模式使用,基本可以构建起当前比较高等级的商用隐私体验。

当然,在 Telegram 陨落之后,Proton Mail 配合 Signal 也可满足大多数人的隐私冲浪需求。

和 Telegram 类似,Proton 也开始进入 Web3 领域,首个产品是 Proton Wallet,不同于 Bitget Wallet 和币安钱包等交易导向型产品,Proton Wallet 异常克制,功能较为简陋。

Proton 的意义在于证明基于隐私技术构建产品的可行性,区别于传统巨头的广告盈利模式,Proton 采取付费体系,区别于 Web3 同行的代币经济学体系,Proton 并没有走到发币这一步,我们可以将其称之为:

加密技术的非代币化实践。

从 Skiff 到 Nillion,加密技术的代币化

如果认为 Pronton 是唐吉坷德,那么 Skiff、Nym、Privasea 到 Nillion 则小矮人,自己的 PMF 还没找到,但是代币(白雪公主)先行一步。

2024 年 2 月 9 日,Notion 宣布收购 Skiff,这也是首例 Web2 大型产品收购 Web3 初创企业,没走发币路线开创行业新风尚,多说一句,Stripe 收购 Bridge 其实是第二次。

Skiff 和谷歌套件也较为类似,基于 IPFS 的文档套件到加密邮箱服务,但是有个巨大的问题,UI 极其难看,使用毫无体验,这也是当前 Web3 产品最大的问题,受限于区块链底层的缓慢和昂贵,基于其开发大型产品很难战胜 Web2 同行。

Proton 是合适的 Google Alternative,但是 Skiff 不是合格的 Proton Alternative。

除此之外,其他 Web3 隐私产品发展也不尽如人意,Nym 后期逐渐将重心转移至 VPN 领域,FHE 方向的 Privasea 更多强调在 AI 领域的适配,而今天的 Nillion 还处在上一个周期的 MPC 叙事之内。

是的,叙事是分周期的,Nillion 搭建的 MPC 和盲计算 (Blind Compute, NBC) 等概念是以太坊和 ZK 应用在 L2/Rollup 领域的衍生叙事,AA 钱包、MPC 范式都属于此类,随着以太坊币价的乏力,隐私技术类产品都在被市场抛弃,最明显的就是 FHE 没有成为 ZK 的下一步。打脸文章参考:FHE 是 ZK 的下一步,加密技术如是说。

不是隐私技术不重要,而是隐私技术和代币的结合不再重要,至少在现阶段不重要。

如果没有隐私技术,Proton 无法搭建自己的商业逻辑和产品矩阵,这才是良好的 PMF 模式,但是对于 Nillion 等产品,币安和 Hack VC 的投资似乎更为重要。

至于盲计算概念,可信层、多生态、隐私 AI 都不是 Nillion 真正的利润来源,我们都心知肚明,Nillion 唯一的产品可能就是自己的代币,从这一点上来看,至少 Nym 还真的要去抢 VPN 的市场。

在最新的技术论文中,Nillion 的研究重心依然是 MPC 的实践,传统的秘密分享 MPC 算法,会在运算时数据量急剧膨胀,而 Nillion 在研究如何降低算法复杂度,以提升计算效率。

怎么说呢,还是看看 Nillion 代币的开盘表现吧,还是那句话,这类结合 AI 的 Web3 隐私技术无法找到真实应用场景,因为 OpenAI 和 DeepSeek 都没有这些因素,如果新产品加了隐私技术可以从他们手里抢占市场份额,那么是有意义的开创之举。

如果没有意义,那还是看看 @Optimism 吧,它真的认为隐私很重要。

但是 Privacy is Good,仍然需要 Privacy Product 来展现,空谈 MPC / ZK / TEE / FHE / AI 没有任何意义,不解决问题的空谈口号人人都会说,但是最终会伤害其背后技术的社会信誉。

恶果已经出现,现在人们谈 L2 色变,也会让人们感觉 ZK 是骗局。

在 Safe 导致 Bybit 巨额损失后,沉默的不止有 Vitalik,还有前端老哥和多签机制。

结语

Monero,门罗币(XMR),对于当今 BNB Chain Meme 速通时代的人们来说已经稍感陌生,但其应该是比特币之后,真正考虑密码学技术和自身应用场景如何结合的最后尝试。

在 2024 年 2 月 7 日,Skiff 官宣「加入」 Notion 两天前,XMR 被币安 Delisting,「退出」最大的流动性来源,也许从此之后,所谓的隐私技术都和 F-47 一样,都只是赢学的一部分,只不过 Web3 隐私经济学还没最终破产。

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