特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

Odaily星球日报2025-03-12 tarihinde yayınlandı2025-03-12 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

特朗普总统“不关注市场”的声明显得意味深长。

原文作者:The Kobeissi Letter

原文编译:深潮 TechFlow

美国政府是否期待出现一场经济衰退?

在 2025 年,美国将有 9.2 万亿美元的债务到期或需要再融资。面对这笔巨额再融资,降低利率最快的方法可能是引发一场经济衰退。

然而美国能从市场崩盘中获益吗?

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

在过去的两个月里, 10 年期国债收益率下降了约 60 个基点。这部分是由于市场预期将削减政府效率部门的赤字支出。但同时,这也与不确定性增加以及美国经济衰退可能性上升有关。

经济衰退几乎可以确保一场利率下调。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

然而为什么经济衰退代表着利率下降呢?

自 20 世纪 80 年代以来,每次美国经济衰退都发生在联邦基金利率达到峰值之后。当经济增长停滞时,美联储会通过“刺激”经济来应对。这就意味着通过降低利率的方式来降低资本成本并促进消费。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

自贸易战开始以来,美国的经济增长预期已经大幅下滑。与此同时,油价也跌至新的 6 个月低点。更有趣的是特朗普总统曾多次表示,他希望通过降低油价来减少通胀压力。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

1 月 25 日,特朗普总统声称自己有解决美联储长达 3 年以上抗击通胀斗争的办法。他要求石油输出国组织(OPEC)降低油价,并呼吁全球下调利率。

然而,降低油价最快的方法大概率是通过一场降需的经济衰退。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

特朗普总统在最近接受福克斯新闻(Fox News)的采访中谈到自己会把降低利率作为优先事项。

他表示:“利率正在下降……我也希望看到能源价格下降。”这一言论来自@amitisinvesting的报道。

接下来,再看看通胀数据。

美国消费者认为,未来 12 个月通胀率将上升至+ 6.0% ,这是自 2023 年 5 月以来的最高水平。 这标志着通胀预期连续第三个月上升。

通胀正在上升,降息被推迟,但利率却在下降。

市场正在为经济衰退定价。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

在通胀飙升的贸易战中,大幅降低利率几乎不可能不引发经济衰退。 此外,特朗普总统在 3 月 6 日表示,他根本没有关注股市。 事实却是,正如我们在他的第一个任期内所看到的那样,特朗普始终在关注市场。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

特朗普总统这一“不关注市场”的声明显得意味深长。

在他显然关注市场的情况下,这实际上是他向华尔街传递的一种信号,代表着他愿意不惜一切代价降低利率并减少贸易逆差,即使这意味着可能引发经济衰退。

在贸易战的混乱中,我们看到经济增长预期大幅下滑。亚特兰大联储(Atlanta Fed)上周将 2025 年第一季度的 GDP 增长预期下调至低至-2.8% 。因此,我们看到市场对降息的预期在上周急剧上升。

这是故意的吗?

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

高利率是美国政府面临的最大问题。

随着利率的飙升,债务利息成本大幅增加。目前,美国 36.2 万亿美元国债的平均利率为 3.2% ,打到了自 2010 年以来的最高水平。 美国政府比任何人都更需要降息。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

而且,降息已经迫在眉睫:

美国 9.2 万亿美元的债务到期时间主要集中在 2025 年上半年 ,在 2025 年 1 月至 6 月期间, 70% 的债务需要重新融资。

这些债务的平均利率预计将上升约 1 个百分点。

此外,美国削减赤字支出的努力不会一蹴而就。

在 2024 财年,美国的支出高达 7.8 万亿美元,而收入仅为约 5.0 万亿美元。这意味着,美国每产生 1 美元的收入,就有 1.56 美元的成本。债务危机的阴云将会笼罩美国很久才会消散。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

宏观经济背景的这些重大变化将对整个市场产生广泛影响,而我们正在并将持续从中捕捉机会。

想了解我们如何交易市场吗?点击下方链接订阅我们的高级分析和提醒服务:

https://www.thekobeissiletter.com/pricing

最后,这让我们回到 2023 年,当时美联储几乎开始呼吁通过经济衰退来降低通胀。

2023 年 2 月,许多研究表明,经济衰退可能是唯一的解决方案。随后,美联储转向了“软着陆”的叙事,但这一策略至今仍未成功降低利率。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?

现实是,美国债务危机是当前最严重却最被忽视的危机。虽然特朗普总统已经意识到这一点,但可能为时已晚。经济衰退或许是降低利率的唯一解决方案。

关注我们@KobeissiLetter,获取实时分析动态。

特朗普的经济游戏:衰退是降息的「通行证」?


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