Babylon上线一个月反响平平,BTCFi叙事逻辑成立吗?

Odaily星球日报2024-09-19 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-09-19 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

Babylon 的可持续生息叙事逻辑成立吗?Babylon 的市场预期影响被高估了吗?

原文作者:Haotian(X:@tmel0211

距离 @babylonlabs_io 主网上线已有近 1 个月,不过预期中的 BTCFi 市场反应并没有想象中热烈。那么,Babylon 第一期质押过程中暴露出哪些问题?Babylon 的可持续生息叙事逻辑成立吗?Babylon 的市场预期影响被高估了吗?接下来,说说我的看法:

1)Babylon 的创新内核是采用 Self-Costodian 自托管的方式,让用户的 BTC 资产用脚本契约形式锁定在比特币主网的同时,能够在众多 BTC layer 2 上输出「安全共识服务」继而得到其他扩展链提供的丰富收益。

这句话现阶段只有前半句成立,的确 Babylon 的精密复杂的密码学算法架构,让用户可以自托管形式持有 BTC 的情况下实现额外收益的可能性,其他 CeDeFi 或 Wrapped 形式让原生 BTC 突破原链束缚都需要有个第三方托管平台,Babylon 确实不需要。若钱包支持,用户可以看到自己质押给 Babylon 协议的 BTC 依然显示在自己的余额内。

而这句话的后半句,目前只能算一个未成熟的「饼」。因为要把 Babylon 的安全共识转化为服务并产生收益,需要有如下先决条件:

其一:要有大量的用户,包括拥有较大比例投票权的 Validators 节点将 BTC 质押在 Babylon 部署在比特币主网协议内;

其二:要聚合大量的 LST 资产,并产生强大流动性,以构成生态用户、TVL 等壮大的基础;

其三:要有大量的新生 layer 2 POS 链「采购」Babylon 提供的安全共识服务,并提供可持续的 Yield 收益;

2)目前,Babylon 协议只开放了第一期 1, 000 个 BTC 的有限质押,只能算实验性上线阶段,但却暴露了不少问题,这让其同时具备以上三个先决条件充满挑战。比如:

1、质押过程和 Babylon 协议交互会产生较高的「交易费损耗」。

包括:质押网络 Fomo 效应导致的网络整体交易 Fee 飙升损耗,以及后续协议 Unbond、Withdraw 等操作产生的相应手续费。

以第一期质押 War 为例:若限定了每笔交易只能存入 0.005 个 BTC,而且只有前 5 个区块内交易有效。假设 1 个机构 Validator 要存入 100 个 BTC,需要在 1 个小时内,向链上发起 20, 000 笔交易,且要比其他竞争者交易更早确认。这势必会导致网络交易 fee 短时暴涨,极大增加质押者的成本,据了解矿工费比率超过 5% 。(仅供参考,具体数据以官方为准)

2、Babylon 存入的原生 BTC 和其生态可流通的 Wrapped 版本 BTC 并非 1: 1 限定。

由于 Babylon 没有直接流通的 Wrap 版 BTC,在 Babylon 生态内流通的 Wrapped 版本 BTC 都是由一些参与质押的节点提供,包括:@SolvProtocol、@Bedrock_DeFi、@LorenzoProtocol、@Pumpbtcxyz、@Lombard_Finance

等等。这些机构 Validators 在 Babylon 质押若干 BTC,但实际其聚合的 Wrapped 版本 BTC 流动性要远超其已质押 BTC 的数量(事实也需要扩大 LST 流动性的规模才行)。

这意味着,虽然 Babylon 协议能确保质押在比特币主网上原生 BTC 资产的安全,但聚合平台上流通的各类 Wrapped 版本 BTC 的流动性风险和绝对信任,Babylon 并无法保证。还得靠这些聚合平台做公开审计、合约透明等一系列信誉背书。

也就是说,如果把 Babylon 比方成 Lido,用户存入 ETH 之后不会有相应的 stETH 用于流通,实际流动性由 Solv Protocol(SolvBTC.BBN)、BedRock(uniBTC) 等聚合型平台提供。Babylon 则像一个部分储备的央行角色,只会压一点储备金约束其流动性供给者(地方银行角色),整体安全要靠中央和地方统一协力才能保证。

以上两点问题决定了,Babylon 在这场 BTCFi 的大浪洪流之中,只占据一个「安全加固」的搭台角色,真正的好戏依旧要靠 Solv Protocol、BedRock、Lorenzo、PumpBTC 等聚合流动性平台唱响。

关键是,开局过于 Fomo 的市场情绪,会严重拉高这些参与者的进入「成本」,无疑加强了对后续 Yield 生息的「退出」压力。

和 Eigenlayer AVS 服务市场的发展动态关乎 Restaking 赛道命脉一样,Babylon 安全共识服务输出商业化的进展也成了 Babylon 必须要交出的市场答卷。

3)那么,Babylon「共享安全」服务范式,要如何产生可持续性的 Yield 收益呢?在我看来,仅依托 Babylon 社会安全共识激励演进的市场并不足够,还需要另一个股力量来壮大 POS 链需求池。

换句话说,Babylon 维持上下游经济链条的叙事逻辑不牢固,采购端存在极大不确定性。

假设一条新构建的 POS 链,要接入 Babylon 生态,Babylon 先得由完整的节点 Validators 网络产生 AVS 服务,比如:Eigenlayer 在 AVS 即服务叙事确立了,提供了一系列包括去中心化 Sequencer、预言机、ZK 协处理器等服务。

而现阶段,或许只是主网协议上线过于早期的缘故,Babylon 并没有成熟的商品化的服务。市场对于 Babylon 的期许貌似只有主动参与质押投票权争夺,然后聚合流动性搞积分 Point 大战,最终靠做大整体 Babylon 流动性市场蛋糕来共享溢出性红利。这样做也许可行,但靠堆叠市场预期来推动生态发展,会过于「被动」。有没有「主动」的 BTCFi 生息方案呢?

有,我此前文章中有提到,Babylon 本质上是通过经济模型制约构建「社会安全共识」来给 BTC layer 2 提供了一种「安全」批量化复制范式。还要一种依托 ZK 技术构建各类链基础模块化组件来加强 BTC layer 2 快速起链的「技术安全共识」复制范式。

以 ZK 通用架构应用链@GOATRollup 为例,@ProjectZKM 团队基于 ZK 技术底层构建的通用型 layer 2 框架,包括:底层 zkVM 通用执行层、Entangled Rollup Network 共享可交互通信层、去中心化 Sequencer 共享层等,最终用通用化组件服务给 layer 2 提供免跨链桥的 Native 跨链、统一流动性可交互操作中心。

相较 Babylon,Goat 把用户的原生 BTC 锁定在比特币主网后,随即提供 1: 1 Wrap 版的 BTC(goatBTC),并通过去中心化 Sequencer 原生挖矿收益(yBTC),并引入了 Pendle 债息分离等设计来丰富生息可能性。

可以认为,Goat Network 类似于以太坊 layer 2 体系中的「Rollup as a Service」服务方,可以输出通用模块化范式扩大 BTC layer 2 POS 链的规模,并提供了一套可持续的 BTC 收益经济模型来确保其叙事的可落地性。

以上。

不难看出,Babylon 的创新密码学安全范式,最大的价值在于把原先分散的 BTC 市场流动性快速聚合起来,并形成生态发展势能,核心流动性资本规模和效率是支撑其叙事成立底层逻辑。

要扩大 POS 链的规模效应,加大安全共识服务的商品化输出,还是得靠 zk 技术为互补,以模块化共享 Sequencer、Interoperability、DA 等组件服务来推动。

至于 Babylon 究竟是被高估,还是被错误预期了?相信以上观点能对大家有所启发。

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