OFAC制裁使用加密货币支付的俄罗斯无人机开发商KB Vostok

金色财经2024-08-28 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-08-28 tarihinde güncellendi

来源：Chainalysis；编译：陶朱，金色财经

2024 年 8 月 23 日，美国财政部外国资产控制办公室 (OFAC) 宣布对近 400 家实体实施进一步制裁，这是多边努力削弱俄罗斯军事供应链和采购网络的一部分。今天被制裁的实体包括 KB Vostok OOO，这是一家俄罗斯无人机 (UAV) 开发商，以设计俄罗斯军队在乌克兰使用的无人机而闻名。KB Vostok 不仅在其网站上征集加密货币捐款，还可能通过加密货币促进无人机的销售。

KB Vostok 是谁？

据财政部新闻稿称，该公司又名东方设计局，负责设计俄罗斯军队部署的无人机。

新闻稿将东方设计局的 Scalpel 无人机描述为“单向攻击平台，可搭载重达 5 公斤的有效载荷”。该公司在 2023 年 9 月俄罗斯通讯社塔斯社报道的一份声明中指出，“我们正在与军方就飞机的技术要求进行持续对话。”

截图显示了东方设计局推销这些无人机的宣传材料。

据俄罗斯媒体报道，与同类无人机相比，“手术刀”无人机生产简单、价格实惠，每架无人机售价约为 20 万卢布，约合 2,200 美元。鉴于俄罗斯面临巨大的制裁压力（俄罗斯与伊朗密切合作，在乌克兰采购和部署致命无人机），以及在冲突地区部署更可持续、更实惠的无人机的普遍趋势，更实惠的无人机的出现具有重要意义。

检查 KB Vostok 的链上活动

OFAC 的指定包括一个用于募集捐款的 USDT 钱包地址，在下面的 KB Vostok 网站的截图中也可以看到。

对钱包链上活动的分析显示，KB Vostok 性价比高的无人机可能被购买。在下面的 Chainalysis Investigations 图表中，我们看到了可能代表购买 Scalpel 的交易。

在 OFAC 特别指定国民 (SDN) 名单上的 KB Vostok 地址收到的 18 笔 USDT 存款中，有 16 笔来自同一个交易对手。如上图所示，这些存款的价格通常与 Scalpel 的价格相近或成倍数。这可能表明该交易对手可能正在从 KB Vostok 购买无人机。

鉴于 KB Vostok 对俄罗斯军事行动的直接物质支持，以及交易对手处理的数量，交易对手可能是俄罗斯军事供应链中更大的实体，可能属于企业而非个人用户。自 2023 年 1 月 12 日以来，该交易对手已处理了近 4000 万美元的转账，通常一次转账数十万或数百万美元。

此外，交易对手在受制裁的俄罗斯交易所 Garantex 使用了多个存款地址。这些存款地址累计处理了超过 1 亿美元的 USDT，表明如果该钱包的所有者与俄罗斯的军事供应链有联系，那么他们正在广泛利用 Garantex 来促进该活动，如下所示。

OFAC 对 KB Vostok 及其相关钱包地址的指定凸显了俄罗斯战争机器使用加密货币资助军事活动的持续趋势。与针对俄罗斯涉及加密货币的军事行动的其他制裁一样，这一行动凸显了区块链分析在追踪和破坏这些努力方面发挥的关键作用。

随着加密货币日益融入全球金融体系，美国政府正在努力破坏俄罗斯军工综合体的金融便利网络，包括通过加密货币，这证实了其削弱敌对军事能力和支持乌克兰防御的承诺。

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