孙宇晨所到之处,投资人闻风丧胆?WBTC被坑惨了?MakerDAO带头抗议,BitGo退场

币界网2024-08-13 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-08-13 tarihinde güncellendi

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为实现WBTC跨多个司法管辖区的托管业务和冷储存业务多元化,加密货币托管公司BitGo于8月10日宣布,将与BiT Global创建合资企业对Wrapped Bitcoin(WBTC)业务进行多司法管辖区托管,且BitGo将成为新合资企业的少数股东。此外BitGo强调,此举标志着与Tron创办人孙宇晨(Justin Sun)之间战略合作的深化。由此推测,孙宇晨可能在管理WBTC的合资企业中拥有重要影响力或控制权。

鉴于孙宇晨对合资企业BiTGlobal控制权的不确定性以及以往项目不透明等风险问题,消息一经公布随即引发了加密货币社区的恐慌和质疑,认为WBTC的安全性和透明度可能受到威胁。孙哥入局WBTC为何掀起那么大的波澜?WBTC有多重要?

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WBTC是一种在以太坊网络上发行的ERC-20代币,其价值与比特币(BTC)一比一挂钩,每一个WBTC都由相应数量的比特币作为储备,这些比特币由托管机构管理(目前由BitGo担任),确保WBTC的持有者可以随时将其兑换为比特币。

WBTC最早于2017年提出,并在2019年正式发布白皮书,投入使用。发展至今,WBTC已是最大的比特币DeFi应用程序之一。根据官网显示,WBTC合作方有74家,已支援以太坊、Base、Kava、Osmosis和Tron。其中,WBTC在以太坊网络上占有绝对的市场份额,Dune数据显示占94.7%。

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同时,WBTC已铸造超15.4万枚比特币(价值超90.4亿美元),占比特币总市值的0.78%。从流通量来看,WBTC的供应量在2021年达到23.5万枚高峰后开始下滑,直到去年下半年开始逐渐回升。从应用情境来看,有近41.5%的WBTC用于借贷生态,近31.8%则用于直接交易。从数据来看,WBTC在DeFi市场扮演重要角色,也意味着影响深远。

这次WBTC事件引起如此大的波澜,正是因为它在加密生态中举足轻重的地位及潜在的风险。如今,BitGo官方将WBTC业务移至与BiT Global合资,新方案将使用与2019年以来用于保护比特币相同的BitGo多重签名技术与冷储存技术,过渡期为60天。尽管BitGo强调此举对WBTC社群来说将是无缝且透明的,但此次托管权变更的潜在风险仍引发社群信任危机。

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一方面,BiT Global与孙宇晨之间的合作被认为将为WBTC带来不确定风险。根据BitGo公告介绍,BiT Global是一家总部位于香港的受监管信托和公司服务提供者(TCSP),与孙宇晨和Tron生态系统为策略合作关系。但这家持牌公司的“含金量”似乎不高,根据香港公司注册署官网查询,截止8月12日,TCSP牌照公司已有6882家。

分析评估机构BA Labs指出:自从TUSD被置于孙宇晨“控制”下,其市场营运流程和透明度不断恶化,包括前任管理团队辞职、实时储备证明暂停,以及因多次赎回服务中断而导致重大脱钩等,且与孙宇晨有关的项目也显示出令人担忧的可能被挪用的迹象,例如用stUSDT替换火币的USDT储备,孙宇晨控制的RWA项目stUSDT声称持有美国国库券储备却无法提供明确的审计或证据证明。

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另一方面,作为WBTC的重要托管方,BitGo的业务转让行为也引发社群关切。在此之前,BitGo的财务状况也曾多次陷入质疑。例如,2022年底FTX破产事件后,虽然BitGo声称对Alameda或FTX没有风险敞口,但在随后传出拟以12亿美元估值筹集新资金的消息,并在次年以17.5亿美元估值完成1亿美元融资,对于具体的投资者也拒绝透露,仅表示表示投资者来自美国和亚洲;Galaxy Digital也曾在2021年宣布以12亿美元的股票和现金收购BitGo,但却在之后却突然宣布终止该收购计划并将原因归咎于BitGo未能按时提供某些经审计的财务报表。为此,BitGo还在2022年一纸诉状将Galaxy告上法庭,并寻求1亿美元赔偿,但最终特拉华州法院认定Galaxy拒绝收购BitGo是有效依据的。

为此,作为WBTC最大承兑商MakerDAO率先“发声”,拟发减少WBTC担保品规模的提案来降低潜在风险,包括拟关闭WBTC借贷并将Spark的WBTC借贷比例降至0。并且也指出,如果BitGo或其他相关方无法说服性地证明维持现有WBTC担保品整合的安全性,将考虑进一步调整参数以保护协议,直到完全剔除Maker和SparkLend上的WBTC担保品。

而Jupiter联合创始人meow更是发出多个灵魂拷问:“WBTC托管的比特币不应被用于其他用途。对于WBTC、整个DeFi生态系统以及BitGo/BiT Global来说,BitGo需要澄清以下几大问题来回应社群质疑,包括谁是持有BTC的多重签名者、BTC是否会被用于任何目的、跨辖区到底有何帮助以及是否可能让一个非常受尊敬的独立第三方加入多重签名组等。”

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针对这一争议和用户的担忧,孙宇晨发文澄清称,WBTC与之前相比没有任何变化。审计是实时进行的。铸造过程完全由托管人BiT Global和BitGo按照之前的相同程序管理。简单来说,BiT Global和BitGo不会签署任何未经审计的交易。金钥仍然使用与之前相同的BitGo冷钱包技术和离线金钥进行保护,并在多个国家和地区有备份。他还强调:“我个人参与WBTC完全是出于战略考虑。我不控制WBTC储备的私钥,也无法移动任何比特币储备。”

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BitGo的CEO MikeBelshe则对孙宇晨在合资企业中的角色进行了淡化,并强调了BitGo对安全性的长期承诺。他指出:“BiT Global有一整个团队负责管理多个客户账户,并且有责任确保安全。他们不能将资产借出,也不能随意将其交给孙宇晨、我或任何其他人,否则将触犯法律并面临监禁风险。我们一直通过wbtc.network进行验证,这个机制将继续运行。”

受此影响,WBTC尚未出现明显脱钩,但FUD情绪仍未被平息。一些加密KOL认为,目前BitGo还没有明确回应新成立的托管公司私钥控制等核心问题,目前最大的风险是孙哥掌握了BIT Global托管钱包的私钥,如果这个过程中发生任何风险,最终的损失都将是抵押BTC获得WBTC的散户们承担。

WBTC因托管权的变动引发质疑说明目前链上仍然缺乏非常可信的、去中心化的资产跨链封装方案。别看现在满地的链抽象、流动性整合,实际上要建立安全性的保障和信任,需要一个不亚于BTC、ETH的共识网络。

图片总的来说,社区对孙宇晨过去的经历表示担忧,担心他可能会操控WBTC的运营,影响其稳定性和透明度,进而影响整个DeFi的稳定运行。MakerDAO的主动出手表明,DeFi社区正在密切关注事态的发展,并采取有效行动来防范风险。这次风波无疑对WBTC的前景投下了重重阴影,未来WBTC的发展值得继续关注。

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