揭秘!暴跌的元凶找到了

深潮2024-08-05 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-08-05 tarihinde güncellendi

这些因素的叠加导致了市场疯狂暴跌。

作者:Biteye 核心贡献者 Viee

编辑:Biteye 核心贡献者 Crush

BTC 日内跌幅超 10%,ETH 日内跌幅超 20%,一跌回到解放前,当前以太坊价格已几乎抹平今年内所有涨幅,今天恐怕遍地都是带血的筹码。

更痛苦的是,以太坊跌得跟山寨一样,堪比 312,而你还拿着年初买的山寨。

其实这场暴跌,最早在上周便埋下了导火索。

从美国公布 ISM 制造业数据,衰退恐慌持续蔓延,叠加中东局势突变,周一全球股市崩盘。而加密行业在此基础上,还承受着多方力量共同引发的抛售潮,比如政府和门头沟赔偿抛压、Jump Trading 清算等。

总的来看,Jump Trading 的清算行为直接引发了加密市场恐慌,导致大额爆仓和链上清算事件频发,加剧了市场的抛压和下跌趋势。

到底什么加速了加密市场大暴跌?大概可归因于以下几个因素:

01 宏观经济出现衰退信号,美股大回调

美股连续迎来大幅回调,衰退信号引发了市场恐慌抛售。

上周, 8 月 1 日公布的 ISM 制造业数据仅为 46.8%,低于市场预期,美股开始大幅下跌。因为该指数反映了美国工厂活动状况,被普遍视为经济衰退的信号。

上周五,美国非农就业数据意外低于预期,进一步掀起了市场的担忧狂潮。失业率飙升至 4.3%,激活了预示经济衰退的萨姆规则。

周末,美股市场再度被一系列「坏消息」冲击。沃伦·巴菲特的伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司在第二季度出售了近一半的苹果公司股份,进一步加剧了市场压力。

英特尔宣布进行公司史上最大规模裁员,并将在 2024 年 Q4 开始停止派发股息,导致盘后股价暴跌近 20%。此外,英伟达因新款人工智能芯片设计缺陷推迟发布,影响到 Meta、Google 和微软等多家美股公司。

这一连串坏消息如同雪球般滚动,引发了全球股市的恐慌性暴跌。纳斯达克指数重挫 2.43%,标普 500 指数下跌 1.84%。

亚洲市场也未能幸免,日本股市三天累计跌幅超 12%,触发熔断机制,韩国、澳洲、新加坡股市纷纷大跌。市场情绪如惊弓之鸟,投资者惴惴不安。

这些动荡同样影响了加密货币走势的不确定性。

02地缘政治危机升级,中东局势再度紧张

哈马斯领导人被暗杀后,冲突不断蔓延。以色列面临着来自多个方面的报复威胁,引发了全球对冲突蔓延并升级为中东全面战争的忧虑。

8 月 5 日,美国警告七国集团,伊朗可能在 24 小时内袭击以色列,以色列与伊朗的军事对峙愈发激烈,哈马斯领导人被暗杀更是点燃了紧张局势。

这场地缘政治风暴震撼全球,避险情绪迅速升温,也使得全球金融市场受到冲击,股市纷纷从高位回落。

中东冲突的恶化预示着下半年地缘政治将更加动荡不安,叠加宏观经济衰退担忧,华尔街的恐惧指标(VIX 指数)也攀升至近 18 个月来的最高点。

03Jump Trading 清算直接引发加密市场恐慌

Jump Crypto 近期大规模撤出以太坊、抛售 ETH 的举动,引发了市场大规模关注。

早在 6 月 24 日,CFTC 调查 Jump Crypto 之际,CEO Kanav Kariya 在其社交平台宣布今日卸任,并未明确其离职原因。

此次抛售具体来说,Jump 将大量 wstETH 转换为 ETH,迅速转移到各大交易所,往往会被认为为看空信号,引发了连锁反应。

过去 24 小时内,Jump Trading 再次转移 17576 枚 ETH(约 4678 万美元)到中心化交易所。

据 Scopescan 监测,Jump 的仓位现已主要为 USDC 和 USDT。这一异常现象引发市场猜测:Jump 可能正在退出加密市场。

对此,ARCA 首席信息官 Jeff Dorman 提出了几种可能的解释:

  • 一是 Jump 可能面临监管压力,特别是考虑到美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)近期对其展开调查;

  • 二是 Jump 可能预见到更大的市场动荡,正提前采取防御措施,比如这两天的股票抛售;

  • 三是可能正在调整整体投资策略,或是持有看跌期权。

这一事件直接导致以太坊价格出现大幅波动,如此大规模的资金流动很可能引发多米诺骨牌效应,进一步加剧市场波动。

04日本央行加息,日元套利交易受阻

日股日经 225 指数创下有史以来最大跌幅,甚至超过了 1987 年黑色星期一股灾。

本次暴跌也与日本央行的意外加息有很大关系。日本央行在 7 月 31 日宣布将政策利率从 0%-0.1% 上调至 0.25%,自今年 3 月结束负利率政策以来的首次加息。

这个变化引发了市场的剧烈波动,特别是日元兑美元汇率在一个月内上涨了大约 8%。这种汇率的急剧变动,加上市场对进一步加息的预期,导致了一场全球性的金融市场「清算」。

日元加息,最直接影响到了日元利差交易。过去,投资者利用日本的超低利率借入日元,然后将其投资于高收益资产。

然而,随着日本加息,这种套利交易变得更贵,维持成本上升,导致市场出现不稳定,交易员被迫平仓,大量抛售美元计价资产,引发了市场的剧烈波动。

于是,日本股市遭遇了前所未有的暴跌。日经指数暴跌 9%,东证指数两次触发熔断机制,创下了八年来的最大单日跌幅。

日本国债市场也没能幸免,10 年期国债收益率跌至 0.785%,日内下跌 17 个基点。

05特朗普支持率下降,美国大选不确定性高

美国大选同样也搅动了市场,哈里斯的支持率飙升打乱了「特朗普交易」。前两周特朗普还凭一己之力靠一场演讲把 BTC 拉升至 7 万附近,被视为加密货币代言人。

然而,根据去中心化预测平台 Polymarket 的数据显示,哈里斯获胜的可能性从 30% 升至 45%,而特朗普的支持率则有所下降,哈里斯在民意调查中支持率缓慢上升。

尽管哈里斯尚未明确支持加密货币,但她的竞选团队正在接触加密行业的重要人物,试图制定合理的监管框架。从之前的势头来看,加密市场还是普遍希望特朗普获胜,美国大选的不确定性,也对市场加注了不确定。

06门头沟抛售继续,多方力量带来抛压

曾经轰动一时的门头沟 Mt.Gox 交易所抛售还在继续,近期门头沟和解协议中分配近 3.4 万枚比特币,也形成了一定抛压。

7 月 31 日,据 Arkham 监测,门头沟 Mt. Gox 地址向两个地址转出 33,963.888 枚比特币,价值约合 22.5 亿美元。

除此之外,美国政府和 Genesis 债权人也在释放大量加密资产,Genesis 开始向债权人分配约 15 亿美元的比特币和 ETH,进一步加剧了市场的供需失衡。

这些因素叠加,导致比特币价格出现大幅波动,一度跌破 50,000 美元关口。

07大额爆仓,以太坊清算事件频发

由于市场抛压严重,币价不断下探,导致多个大额爆仓和链上清算事件发生。

4 只鲸鱼因行情急跌导致加杠杆仓位被迫清算,共计 14653 枚 ETH(约 3354 万美元)。根据 Parsec 数据,过去 24 小时内,DeFi 上的借贷清算量超过 3.2 亿美元,创年内新高。

Parsec 数据显示,过去 24 小时内 DeFi 借贷清算量超过 3.2 亿美元,其中 ETH 抵押品清算量为 1.87 亿美元,wstETH 为 7790 万美元,wBTC 为 3250 万美元。以太坊 Gas 飙升,最高达到 701 Gwei,不知道还以为牛来了。

这些清算事件加剧了市场抛压,导致市场持续下跌。

08总结

市场总是在涨跌循环中前进。没有永远上涨的市场,同样也不存在永远下跌的市场。如果真的出现持续下跌、毫无反弹的情况,那加密直接结束了,这显然是极不可能的。

我们对后市仍抱有信心,美国大选的关键时刻尚未到来,而经济衰退仍处于预期阶段,实际情况还有待观察。从时间上看,当前调整已接近 4 个月,超过了 2021 年 5 月的调整期。如果牛还在,现在很可能正是底部区域。即便按熊市剧本走,通常 6-7 个月也会见底,很可能最迟将在 10 月或 11 月迎来反弹。

在充满不确定性的阶段,保持冷静理性尤为重要。现在,我们需要做的就是保持耐心,市场终将找到平衡,等待机会的投资者往往能在未来获得丰厚回报。

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