来了,全球市场“最刺激的 32 小时”!

链捕手2024-07-30 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-07-30 tarihinde güncellendi

作者:赵颖,华尔街见闻
本周美日英三国央行将相继召开货币政策会议,全球金融市场迎来“最刺激的32小时”。

本周三上午,日本央行将率先登场,可能在缩表的同时进行加息,成为本周的最大看点;

紧接着,周四凌晨,美联储将公布备受瞩目的利率决议,稍后鲍威尔召开货币政策新闻发布会,市场普遍预期将在发出降息信号,为9月行动做好准备;

最后,周四晚,英国央行将压轴登场,或进行四年来的首次降息,市场预计降息幅度为25个基点。

短短32小时内,三大利率决议结果将重磅发布,将搅动全球股债和货币市场,给本已不安的市场再添动荡。

近期日元和英镑飙升,美国短期国债收益率的下降,由于政策和经济增长前景不明朗,上周多个市场收盘时显得紧张不安。

1、日本央行率先登场

日本央行的决策备受瞩目,可能抢美联储的C位。

日本当局已经表示,本次会议将公布削减月度债券购买量计划的细节,市场普遍预期购买量将从6万亿日元减少至5万亿日元,并最终在两年内将购买量减半。

同时也存在加息的可能性,但仅有约30%的经济学家将这一情况作为基本情景。

日本最新经济数据显示,通胀加速但消费疲软,增加了决策的不确定性。日元兑美元汇率自7月11日以来已升值约5%,反映了市场对政策收紧的预期。但投资者对加息的预期大幅波动,从上周的不到40%骤升至近90%,随后又回落至50%左右,凸显出市场的迷茫。

作为广受欢迎的套息交易工具,日元近期走强牵动全球资产,日股涨势暂歇,离岸人民币涨至一个多月来的高位,澳元和墨西哥比索等货币受冲击。

分析认为,如果加息落空,特别是央行购债计划未如期削减,做空日元的套利交易“可能卷土重来”,剧烈波动或迅速波及全球市场。若日本央行按兵不动
可能令日元多头措手不及;但如果美联储随后释放加速降息信号,日元空头也将面临风险。

盛宝资本市场外汇策略主管Charu Chanana表示:

尽管本周的走势双向风险巨大,但我仍看空日元。对于一家本质上鸽派的央行而言,期待日本央行在一次会议上加息并调整债券购买计划似乎有些牵强。

2、美联储决议备受期待

投资者将密切关注美联储的政策声明和主席鲍威尔的讲话,寻找支持9月首次降息的线索。

经济学家和掉期交易普遍预期,今年至少会有两次25个基点的降息,美联储基准利率目前处于5.25%至5.5%的区间

近期美联储官员频繁提及劳动力市场降温和通胀回落,暗示他们认为降息条件正在成熟。

荷兰国际集团首席国际经济学家James Knightley表示:

即将召开的FOMC会议将为9月份降息奠定基础,美联储正在为将政策从限制性转向中性立场做准备。

一些市场观察人士提出了比目前预期更积极的宽松政策,包括前纽约联储行长杜德利到经济学家埃里安。杜德利表示美联储应该考虑本周降息,而埃里安则警告称如果美联储长时间维持过高的利率,这将是一个“政策错误”。

美国国债有望连涨三个月,为2021年年中以来首次。人们对降息的信心不断增强,推动彭博美债指数本月触及两年来的新高。由于押注宽松的货币政策即将出台,2/10年期国债收益率利差缩小。上周美国股市也剧烈动荡,财报引发了人们对消费者信心的怀疑.

3、英国央行或迎首次降息

英国央行预计将进行四年来的首次降息,但市场仍存在分歧。

虽然通胀率已从一年前的两位数降至2%的目标,失业率也有所上升,但服务业价格增长仍然强劲,经济已从小幅衰退中反弹。4月份最低工资上调10%,以及新工党政府计划提高公共部门工资,都带来通胀上行风险。

自7月大选以来,英国货币政策委员会的三位鹰派人士已提出反对宽松政策,两位鸽派人士中,只有一人提出了相反的观点。

无论结果如何,此次决议都将对债券和英镑产生影响。截至上周五,掉期市场预期本周降息25个基点的概率约为50%,今年内两次降息的可能性几乎是确定的,经济学家普遍认为英国央行将采取行动。

英镑今年在G10货币中表现最佳,但降息可能削弱其作为套利交易的吸引力。摩根大通和东方汇理等大型银行和投资机构预计英镑兑美元汇率将进一步升至1.35,较当前水平上涨近5%。

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