frxETH TVL骤降,隐藏在LSD积分战争背后的变数

Odaily星球日报2024-06-13 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-06-13 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

收益率在所有LSD产品中最高,frxETH的TVL却迎来暴跌,背后隐藏着什么信息?

原文作者:StableScarab

原文编译:Tyler

作为收益最高的 ETH LSD,Frax Finance 所推出的 frxETH 在过去 3 个月却为何突然减少了 10 万枚 ETH 的 TVL?

本文就旨在帮助大家了解竞争激烈的 ETH 质押市场,以及 Frax Finance 背后所折射出的深层次因素。

frxETH TVL骤降,隐藏在LSD积分战争背后的变数

什么是 frxETH?

frxETH 是 Frax Finance 推出的以太坊稳定币,由 ETH 直接质押后生成,且 frxETH(sfrxETH)采用了双代币设计,这也助力其成为当前收益率最高的 ETH 流动性质押衍生品(LSD):

因为除了传统质押形式之外,frxETH 的其他用例也会提升 sfrxETH 的年化收益率(APY),所以自 2022 年 11 月推出以来,sfrxETH 的收益率不仅比同期的 stETH 高出 24% ,甚至比 rETH 高出 40% 。

frxETH TVL骤降,隐藏在LSD积分战争背后的变数

那么在高收益率之下,frxETH 的 TVL 为何还会大幅下跌?

很简单,积分、积分、还是 TMD 积分!

再质押热潮席卷了 LSD 市场——Eigenlayer 向锁定 ETH 的用户提供奖励积分,吸引了天量的 TVL,且流动性再质押收益率甚至更高。

所以从数据图表上看,2 月 5 日 Eigenlayer 开放存款的时间节点,正好也是 frxETH TVL 的最高点。

frxETH TVL骤降,隐藏在LSD积分战争背后的变数

frxETH 与 sfrxETH 的套利平衡

为什么会有 frxETH 用户不选择二次质押,愿意将自己的收益让渡给 sfrxETH 用户?

因为 Frax Finance 为 frxETH 用户提供了另外一个收益选择——将 frxETH 存入 Curve 的 frxETH/ETH 流动性池,收获 LP 收益。

从用户角度看,Frax Finance 其实是为 frxETH 提供了两种收益路径:

  • 先将 ETH 质押为 frxETH,然后存入 frxETH/ETH 流动性池吃 Curve 收益,同时让渡出自己的 frxETH 质押收益;

  • 先将 ETH 质押为 frxETH,然后再度质押为 sfrxETH,这样在获得自己质押收益的同时,额外获得第一部分用户让渡出来的 frxETH 质押收益;

理论上讲,选择在 Curve 的 frxETH/ETH 流动性池(frxETH)和选择二次质押(sfrxETH),会因为收益率的差异逐步形成动态的套利平衡,从而将两个不同选择的收益率始终保持在同一区间。

而根据 Frax Finance 官网数据,截至 6 月 12 日二者的收益率也确实比较接近:Curve 的 frxETH/ETH 流动性池(frxETH)为 2.72% ,二次质押(sfrxETH)为 3.42% ,二者的占比也基本接近。

frxETH TVL骤降,隐藏在LSD积分战争背后的变数

LSD 积分战争的背后

在 LSD 的竞争格局中,积分属于“激励”类别,即用于吸引投资者参与项目的临时奖励,这对于启动项目很有用,但并不意味着永久有效。

大家也都很清楚,积分不会持续太久,所有的积分模式都是一种不可持续的策略——积分最终会转换为其他资产,从而导致被高激励吸引过来的用户转战其他项目。

然而再质押本身是一种很有效的技术叙事,可以为用户提供额外的收益,而 Frax Finance 也计划将在 frxETH v2 中直接提供原生的再质押服务。

frxETH TVL骤降,隐藏在LSD积分战争背后的变数

在这个过程中,能否设计合适的激励系统,决定了该服务是否可以持续发挥作用,这也正是 Frax Finance 设计 Flox 机制的底层原因——Flox 作为针对 Frax Finance 新 L2 Fraxtal 的区块空间激励计划,主要是伴随着 FXTL 的尾部代币进行分发。

由于 Flox 会检查用户的资产和链上交互活动,因此任何一名用户只要在 Fraxtal 上持有 frxETH 就可以轻松赚取 FXTL。

按照最新的官方文档信息,作为 L2 网络的 Fraxtal,也是一个模块化的 Rollup 区块链,具有“分形扩展”(fractal scaling)的路线图,功能和特性包括:

  •  EVM 等效性。Fraxtal 利用 OP 堆栈作为其智能合约平台和执行环境,使得项目方们部署应用程序与 Optimism、Base 一样快速、安全且低成本;

  • 模块化 Rollup。Fraxtal 将有多个组件和中间件,供其他链和网络使用、连接、部署 L3 并在其上构建,目前 Fraxtal 使用由 Frax Finance 核心团队开发的单独数据可用性(DA)模块;

  • 区块空间激励措施(称为 Flox)。该功能用于奖励用户和开发人员——任何花费 Gas 并与网络上的任何智能合约进行交互的账户和智能合约,将根据 Flox 算法获得“Fraxtal Point System”(FXTL)积分奖励,这些积分以后可以转换为代币;

  • frxETH 作为 Gas 支付代币;

此外根据官方披露,Fraxtal 将与主要以太坊基础设施提供商一起推出,包括 Etherscan 的 Fraxscan 和 Safe、Chainlink、Axelar Network 和 LayerZero 等各式 DeFi 相关服务。

所以为什么我会认为 frxETH 会复苏?除了原生重质押功能之外,frxETH v2 还将引入以下新功能:

  • 去中心化验证者;

  • 更高的节点资本效率;

  • 节点运营商绩效激励;

最重要的是,Fraxtal 将使用 frxETH 作为 Gas 费用,燃烧 frxETH 可以提高 sfrxETH 的年化收益率(APR)。

好事多磨,frxETH 后续能否成为以太坊流动性质押赛道的异数,值得深度观察。

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