老牌DeFi项目的自救之路,剖析MakerDAO Endgame转型计划

Odaily星球日报2024-05-09 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-05-09 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

第一阶段推出两个新代币,后续将推出Lockstake 引擎(LSE)质押协议、NewBridge和Spark SubDAO等等。

原创 | Odaily星球日报

作者 | 夫如何

老牌DeFi项目的自救之路,剖析MakerDAO Endgame转型计划

近期,MakerDAO 宣布将推出新代币 NewStable 和 NewGovToken。其中,MKR 持有者能够将其代币升级为新的治理呆逼 (NewGovToken,兑换比例为 1: 24000),即生态系统内的新治理代币,稳定币 Dai(DAI)可以转化为新的稳定币(NewStable)。(Odaily 注:两个代币名称尚未揭晓)

老牌项目推出新代币的案例并不少见,大多是寻求改变,寻找新的增长点,但像 MakerDAO 这类知名项目进行如此动作,其背后的所带来影响不容忽视。

根据 MakerDAO 官方论坛以及最新动态来看,MakerDAO 推出新代币的消息早在去年就已放出,发行新代币也是 Endgame 转型计划的第一阶段的重要内容。

Endgame 转型计划于 2022 年 8 月通过治理投票获批,期间不断更新探讨,直到近期正式官宣将在今夏推出新代币。据悉,Endgame 是 MakerDAO 的重大更新,旨在提高效率、恢复力和参与度,以将 Dai 供应扩展至 1000 亿及以上。Endgame 的关键特性是通过可持续的 SubDAO 代币收益挖矿使生态更加繁荣,其中 SubDAO 是一个 DAO 生态,利用 MakerDAO 的基础设施,同时保持灵活性和自治性。将有一个适合不同人群的 SubDAO,Dai 用户可以简单地选择他们喜欢的 SubDAO,并开始挖矿相应 SubDAO 代币。

Odaily星球日报将从新代币的基本概况入手,为大家详细阐述现阶段 MakerDAO 的 Endgame 转型计划。

第一步推出新代币,后续将自建以 SubDAO 为核心的公链 DeFi 生态

在 MakerDAO 新品牌揭晓一个月后,新稳定币(NewStable)和新治理代币(NewGovToken)才将正式推出,届时 Maker 全新的生态将使用新代币运行。在此之前,Dai 和 MKR 代币将保持不变,用户将有选择权,可以升级到 NewStable 和 NewGovToken;如果不升级代币,恐将无法参与新的生态功能。官方描述称,Dai 将专注于加密原生用例,而升级后的 NewStable 将专注于大规模采用。

NewStable 还是作为稳定币的方式运行,和 Dai 可以相互转换,NewStable 在推出后可以挖新治理代币 NewGovToken (不向 VPN 用户和美国地区用户开放)。

NewGovToken 也可以和升级前的 MKR 代币相互转换,相比于 MKR 的较少的供应量,NewGovToken 的供应量将扩大,官方披露的兑换比例为 1 枚 MKR 可以兑换为 24000 枚 NewGovToken。此举可以降低治理代币的价格,扩大治理范围,吸引更多新用户参与社区建设,从而提高项目的去中心化程度。

除了发行新代币,后续 Endgame 将推出 Lockstake 引擎(LSE)质押协议,用户可以将 MKR 和 NewGovToken 在 LSE 中质押挖 NewStable 和即将推出的 SubDAO 代币(包括来自 Spark SubDAO 的 SPK 代币)。

值得注意的是,协议赚取的所有协议盈余收入的 30%将作为 NewStable 奖励,按比例分配给选择接收 NewStable 收益的 LSE 用户。并且 LSE 中锁定的 NewGovToken 和 MKR 代币在解锁其代币时支付 15 %的退出费;该费用由协议销毁,并从最初 Lockstake 的本金中扣除。(Odaily 注: Lockstake 引擎不对美国居民和 VPN 用户开放)

在 Lockstake 引擎推出后,NewBridge 和 Spark SubDAO 相继推出,共同达成 Endgame 转型计划第一阶段启动季的目标。

其中,NewBridge 将把以太坊主网的 NewStable、NewGovToken 和其他 Maker 生态系统代币连接到 L2(目前待定)。NewBridge 将支持用户在 L2 上原生挖矿,为用户提供低成本访问渠道。

Spark 是 MakerDAO 生态系统中的一个 SubDAO。Spark 作为一个独立的社区,具有自治和独特的商业模式。SparkLend 是 Spark 的主要产品,是一个借贷平台,用户可以使用加密资产作为抵押品,以可预测的利率生成 Dai,并在将来生成 NewStable。

除了 SparkLend 之外,Spark 还将提供一些新的业务能力:

  • RWA:Spark 将利用 MakerDAO 建立的 RWA 基础设施,将资金部署到现实世界资产中,以获得收益并提高风险调整回报。

  • 永续掉期收益:除了 RWA 之外,Spark 还将从加密永续掉期市场获得收益,为用户提供低风险的收益机会。

Spark 代币 SPK 总量为 40 亿枚,主要来源于 NewStable 用户在以太坊主网和(待定)L2 上的质押获取,SPK 流通趋势为前两年 10 亿美代币,之后每两年减半,直到 10 年全部供应。 

Spark 治理:Spark 拥有由 SPK 代币投票控制的社区治理机制,随着时间的推移,在 Maker SubDAO 生态的框架内,Spark 治理将自主运行所有活动。

后续根据官方治理论坛披露,Endgame 转型计划还将展开后续三个阶段,分别是:

  • 第 2 阶段扩展规模:在第一阶段所有生态组件推出后,第 2 阶段对生态规模和应用进行扩展,使其规模进行壮大;

  • 第 3 阶段 NewChain:第 3 阶段将推出独立的 Layer 1 ,将托管 Maker Core 和 SubDAO 的核心代币经济学和治理机制,并通过 NewBridge 系统进行 RWA、DeFi 和公链之间的连接。

  • 第 4 阶段最终 Endgame:最终 Endgame 是所有技术和基础治理机制都完成的时刻,最终 Endgame 激活时,Maker Core 的所有基础治理机制将不可变,实现了 Endgame 的最终愿景。

治理变革引导生态繁荣,新的 DeFi 生态即将诞生

从 MakerDAO 的 Endgame 转型计划中不难发现,早在 2022 年,MakerDAO 社区对目前 DeFi 板块的发展瓶颈展开“自救”。身为老牌项目 MakerDAO 深知,不变等于“慢性死亡”,终将被超越。

不过,Maker 选择的变革路径与其他 DeFi 项目并不相同——此前 dYdX 通过从以太坊搬迁到二层,甚至后期自建专属链,这是在性能和用户体量上谋求发展。

Endgame 转型计划让作者看到一种以社区治理为核心点的 DeFi 生态,从表层形式上来看,Endgame 转型计划与 dYdX 在底层公链路径上发展大体一致,从以太坊到构建 L1(MakerDAO 披露不会关停以太坊上的功能),但内核是以不同的 SubDAO 来吸引不同的需求和喜好的用户参与 MakerDAO 的治理,这将在 MakerDAO 自身生态中细分不同的板块,使稳定币 Dai 或者说升级后的 NewStable 真正在生态中全方位流转,进而提高生态的繁荣度。

根据其披露的路线图,Endgame 或将持续数年才有可能实现。不过在今年夏季推出的第 1 阶段,将会有多种挖矿以及收益获取渠道的出现,届时 DeFi 生态或将迎来新的热度。后续Odaily星球日报将持续跟进。

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