Cosmos IBC链间账户来了,一文带你看懂这次重大升级的意义

火星财经2022-02-25 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-02-25 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

Cosmos Hub、Sommelier 以及 Osmosis将率先实施链间账户模块,并开创 Cosmos 互操作性的下一阶段。

来了,Interchain Accounts(链间账户)终于来了,它有能力为Cosmos 链间交易带来可组合性,从而将整个Cosmos 生态提升到一个全新的水平。在本文中,我们将了解区块链间通信协议 (IBC) 的最新版本,以及这项新功能对用户的意义。
IBC和跨链通信的简要概述
我们知道,跨链互操作性的安全性,取决于其最薄弱(或者说是最受信任)的链接,而允许异构链(即,尚未通过信标链或中继链等连接在一起的区块链)之间进行通信的跨链解决方案,可以松散地分为依赖于两个链外部的第三方信任根的协议(基于信任的*),以及不依赖于第三方信任根的协议(信任最小化的*)。
基于信任的互操作性协议的设计和价值主张很简单:其唯一目的是验证在两个生态系统之间来回传递的交易。对交易安全性的信任委托给协议基础设施上的验证者,你信任验证者,你信任资产。
这种设计的变体适用于将信任的根委托给可罚没的预言机或跨链桥验证者集,但在所有情况下,基于信任的互操作性协议的安全模型,都考虑了第三方的额外安全假设。
另一方面,IBC的设计是无需信任的,握手(模仿TCP/IP握手)首先在想要连接的两个链之间启动,然后确认。为了确认交易,一条链的有效性规则直接编码到另一条链上的IBC客户端中,并根据这些规则执行状态验证。
例如,在 Cosmos SDK 中开箱即用的 ibc-go 实现,使用了 Tendermint 轻客户端,它可以根据交易对手链的最新一致状态验证与交易相关联的区块头的Merkle证明,从而验证ibc交易另一端链的状态。

信任

这种状态验证技术,以及来回传递数据包的中继器运营商的实时网络,确保 IBC 保持高度安全且无需许可——任何链都可以启动 IBC 客户端和中继器并连接到其他主权Interchain网络。
而IBC 协议由两个不同的层组成:传输层(或用于传输、身份验证、排序的“TAO”)和应用层,前者提供必要的基础设施,以在链之间建立安全连接并对数据包进行身份验证,而后者准确地定义了发送链和接收链应该如何打包和解释这些数据包。
当人们谈论互操作性协议时,他们通常指的是传输层,而IBC为这一层提供了最高的安全性设计。然而,IBC的巨大潜力在于,它不仅可以优化传输层,还可以优化其之上的层:一个强大和安全,但最终通用且无需许可的传输层,它支持各种各样的创新应用。
到目前为止,应用层面临的问题是:我如何将资产从链A转移到链B,以及这些链将如何理解资产是什么? IBC 应用层协议标准和模块通过 IBC 代币转移、预言机数据以及即将在 2022 年第二季度完成的链间NFT 转移和 IBC 查询标准‌解决了这个问题。
而链间账户(Interchain Accounts)则是对下一个问题的协议级答案:既然资产已经能转移了,我们能够做什么?
链间账户(Interchain Accounts)和链间可组合性
在Cosmos中,除了CosmWasm智能合约之外,应用之间是没有直接的访问权限的,因为每个应用本身本质上就是一个区块链。即便如此,由于IBC的存在,Cosmos生态已经成为TVL仅次于以太坊的第二大区块链生态。
而作为跨链互操作性发展的下一步,链间账户(Interchain Accounts)在跨链交易中实现了原生可组合性,这将允许链不仅可以交换数据,还可以写入状态。
所谓可组合系统,是指其各种组件可以解耦、重组,并作为构建块重新整合到更大系统中的系统。在高度可组合的设置中,创新和优化不仅可以在最高层上进行,而且可以在每个组件上进行,而可组合性使整体大于各部分之和。

信任

通过启用Interchain GmbH、Chainapsis、Informal Systems以及Confio开发的链间账户(Interchain Accounts)模块,IBC区块链可以做的远不止连接和转移代币,链间账户提供了直接从一个Cosmos Hub账户访问所有IBC区块链账户的权限。
那这到底意味着什么?这意味着Cosmos生态里的区块链,可以访问另一条链的应用,并执行该链固有的任何操作。打个比方,启用链间账户模块后,用户在Sommelier链就可以执行Osmosis上的交易(例如质押、投票、交换代币等),反之亦然。这显著改善了用户的体验,并为Cosmos生态带来了急需的可组合性。
更好的是,与在以太坊或类似的生态系统中应用必须放弃其主权并受到其L1层的约束和治理不同,使用IBC 作为协议,区块链保持了完全的主权,同时实现互操作性。换句话说,链间账户引入的可组合性,并没有剥夺特定应用链的好处。
Cosmos Hub、Sommelier 以及 Osmosis将率先启用链间账户
据悉,Cosmos Hub、Sommelier 以及 Osmosis将率先实施链间账户模块,并开创 Cosmos 互操作性的下一阶段。
Cosmos Hub 的链间账户模块升级,计划在 2022 年第一季度作为 Theta 升级‌的一部分实施,这需要等待治理批准。
当然,所有在 IBC 上取得成功的应用和协议,都将吸引更多用户使用 Cosmos,使整个生态系统受益。有关链间账户(Interchain Accounts)的更多信息,请参阅此处的Interchain基金会博客上的详细报告‌。

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