从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

Odaily星球日报2024-01-30 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-01-30 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

2022 年 12 月,Casey 推出了 Ordinals 协议,打开了比特币生态的潘多拉魔盒。

原文作者:defioasis,吴说

原文编辑:Colin Wu

(1)Ordinals 打开 Bitcoin 生态潘多拉魔盒

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://dune.com/dgtl_assets/bitcoin-ordinals-analysis)

2022 年 12 月,Casey 推出了 Ordinals 协议,打开了比特币生态的潘多拉魔盒。Ordinals 协议为每个聪赋予独特的序列号,任何用户都可以在聪上铭刻附加信息,包括文本、图片、视频和 3D 模型等。这些铭文可以保存在比特币钱包,并在比特币交易中追踪,与比特币一样具有不可篡改、去中心化等特性。Casey 对其定位是在 Bitcoin 上保存一些永恒不变的东西,在最初被用于创建与贮存 NFT 收藏品。目前 Bitcoin 铭文数已超过 5, 700 万,累积贡献了超过 2.3 亿美元费用。

(2)Bitcoin Punks 带领 Ordinals 首次亮相

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://geniidata.com/user/orddata/bitcoin-punks)

在 2023 年 2 月 9 日,首个使用 Ordinals 协议将以太坊 CryptoPunks 字节上传到比特币链上的 NFT Bitcoin Punks 在社交媒体引发热议。在 2 月 9 日下午 15: 24 ,总量 1 万个的 Bitcoin Punks 在诞生的不到两天内被全部铸造完成。起初,大多数人没有注意到 Ordinals,这不过是 Punks 在不同区块链上的又一次复制,直到这场由 Ordinals 带来的铭文革命和每个人息息相关。

(3)BRC-20 点燃 Bitcoin Ordinals

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://dune.com/dgtl_assets/bitcoin-ordinals-analysis)

2023 年 3 月,匿名开发者 domo 基于 Ordinals 协议推出 BRC-20 。BRC-20 本质是作为一种特定 JSON 文本文件被用于交易。JSON 文件是 Ordinal inscription,具有一个唯一的编号。每个 JSON 文件对应一个特定的 BRC-20 。BRC-20 可以看作为一种 Bitcoin 山寨币的发行标准,具有公平发射的特点。在推出后,BRC-20 在短时间内迅速点燃了 Bitcoin Ordinals,并诞生了数万种铭文代币。目前 Bitcoin Ordinals 上约 95% 的铭文为 BRC-20 作为主要代表的文本类型。

(4)OKX 在铭文布局上大放异彩

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://dune.com/domo/ordinals-marketplaces)

作为最早入局铭文板块的主流中心化交易所,除了背后研究团队的分析与谋略外,OKX 多年来打造的 OKLink 的技术储备也发挥出了绝对优势。或能称之为 2023 年 Crypto 最佳产品创新的 OKX Web3 Wallet 内置钱包的体验高度依赖于 OKLink 背后的服务数据,后端服务稳定性的不断提高,让前台产品能高度契合用户需求。目前 OKX Web3 Wallet 已基本成为了铭文用户入场的首选,其在铭文交易量和用户的市场份额稳定超过 60% ,在 2023 年 11 – 12 月里市场份额一度维持在 80% -90% 。在 Bitcoin Ordinals 链上市场交易量创下超过 8 千万美元历史性新高的 12 月 16 日中,OKX Web3 Wallet 贡献了近 7, 400 万美元交易量。

(5)Sophon 狙击机器人席卷 BRC-20 

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://dune.com/queries/3381233)

在 2023 年 9 月末到 10 月中下旬,BRC-20 迎来了诞生以来的最大危机之一,链上铸造数几乎降为 0 ,这是由匿名开发者 Rijndael 发明的一个名为“Sophon”的 BRC-20 狙击机器人导致的。Sophon 机器人利用 BRC-20 “先到先得”的部署机制和大多数比特币交易的公开性,监视比特币交易中的 BRC-20 部署,然后以更高的费率为相同的代币代码广播类似的铭文,这样一来能够将其他 BRC-20 部署交易取代,使其复制的 BRC-20 成为“官方”。此外,Sophon 还将部署的每个代币设置为 1 ,使得部署的每个代币只有唯一的持有者,链上铸造活动陷入停滞。幸运的是,Rijndael 并非一位黑客,以及 Sophon 运行需要花费不低的费用,在运行了一段时间后最终关闭,并捐赠给开源软件 opensats。

(6)ORDI 先后上线头部交易所 OKX 与 Binance

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ordi/)

作为 BRC-20 首个铭文代币,ORDI 从最初的仅需 Gas 铸造的公平发射到一度超过 90 美元,在不到一年的时间里迎来了数万倍的涨幅。在这个过程中,以 ORDI 为首的 BRC-20 以及背后的 Ordinals 协议逐渐被更多的用户所认识。在 2023 年 5 月和 11 月,ORDI 分别上线了 OKX 和 Binance 两大头部交易所,并在上线 Binance 后的一个月时间里完成了十倍涨幅。随后,SATS 也登陆了 Binance 和 OKX。ORDI 和 SATS 在头部交易所的上线,让用户看到了交易所对铭文资产的积极态度,并期待更多的铭文代币能够上线。

(7)铭文活动轮番对各大公链开展“压力测试”

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:Chain Explorer)

在 2023 年 11 月中旬到 12 月,铭文资金的充裕开始由 Bitcoin 向各大 EVM 公链溢出,对第一个铭文资产的 FOMO 情绪也迅速向各大公链蔓延,甚至连测试网也成为追逐的对象。十余条公链相继突发性地在某日迸发出数百万甚至数千万条交易,一度让某些公链陷入宕机。

(8)铭文叙事有望成为 Bitcoin 矿工收入新的潜力增长点

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://studio.glassnode.com/metrics?a=BTC&category=&m=fees.VolumeSum&s=1672531200&u=1706198399&zoom=)

在铭文活动的推动下,在 2023 年 12 月 16 日 Bitcoin 以美元计价的交易费用达 2, 369 万美元,创下历史新高。与前两次峰值出现在四年周期中的大牛市不同, 2023 年尚不认为属于是大牛市,这也让矿工看到了铭文促进 Bitcoin 网络交易费用的巨大潜力。特别是随着减半的临近,收益的减半,如果铭文需求可持续,可能会显著改善矿工经济收入。

(9)外部危机:Bitcoin Core 客户端开发者 Luke Dashjr 要求禁用铭文

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/28408)

Bitcoin Core 客户端开发者 Luke Dashjr 在 2023 年 9 月向 Bitcoin Core Github 提交 PR #28408 ,即更新 “datacarriersize” 以过滤 “铭文” 这类携带新型脚本数据的交易。在 2023 年 12 月 6 日,Luke 在社交媒体发文抨击,称 “铭文” 正在利用 Bitcoin Core 的漏洞对区块链进行垃圾邮件攻击,并希望在 2024 年 v2 7 发布之前能够最终修复该漏洞。Luke 将大火的铭文归类为 Bitcoin 漏洞并决意修复,成为当时 Ordinals 等 Bitcoin 铭文协议面临的最大外部危机。

围绕 PR #28408 的铭文去留问题,各大 Bitcoin 开发者在 Bitcoin Core Github 上持续了一个月、发表了上百条激烈讨论。同一时间,在社交媒体上,代表矿工、开发者、社区和用户的多方势力也开启了唇枪舌战。然而,由于正反意见分歧较大,难以形成定论,Bitcoin Core 核心维护者 achow 101 认为该 PR 存在明显争议,并最终在 2024 年 1 月 5 日关闭了该 PR。至此,Bitcoin 铭文协议的外部危机暂告一段落。在这段时间内,铭文资产代表 ORDI 虽受短期影响,但整体仍上涨近 35% ,并创下历史新高。

(10)内部危机:BRC-20 创建者 domo 与最大索引器 UniSat 的共识分歧

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

BRC-20 基于 Ordinals 协议,但又并非属于 Ordinals 协议原生,在 Ordinals 协议面临升级之时,BRC-20 都会面临索引是否跟随 Ordinals 协议升级的问题。索引本质是共识载体。为了维系索引的平稳,domo 在 2023 年 11 月将 BRC-20 冻结在 ord v 0.9 版本。然而随着 Ordinals 协议的发展,早先诸如无法识别的诅咒铭文问题得到修复,也带来了许多新的特性,这让冻结在 ord v 0.9 的 BRC-20 面临很大的抉择。

在 2024 年 1 月 3 日,拥有市场最大索引共识的 UniSat 选择将 BRC-20 遵循 Ordinals Jubilee 升级,而这与 BRC-20 创建者 domo 的初衷相违背,domo 抨击 UniSat 是在分叉 BRC-20 。以 BestinSlot 和 domo 等领导的 Layer 1 Foundation 的“维稳派“与 UniSat 和 Ordinals Wallet 等的“升级派”在 BRC-20 问题上形成了两股力量,一方是创建者,一方是最大的索引共识,BRC-20 面临着前所未有的巨大内部危机。虽然意见不一致,但对 BRC-20 的出发点都是好的,在双方友好沟通下,最终在 2 天后的 1 月 5 日,domo 与 UniSat 达成一致,同意 BRC-20 跟随 Ordinals 升级。OKX 与 Binance 也支持 BRC-20 遵循 Ordinals 协议升级。尽管危机在很短时间内解除,但也让人意识到基于 Ordinals 协议而衍生出来的资产在发展的早期容易面临共识分裂的考验。

(11)Ordinals 铭文资产类型多样化生态不可忽视

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://dune.com/dgtl_assets/bitcoin-ordinals-analysis)

尽管以 BRC-20 为首的文本占据着绝对的铭文类型,但其他类型的铭文资产也从未停止发展,准确定位仍能拥有偏安一隅的发展空间。从 Bitcoin Punks 到 Bitcoin Frogs 到 NodeMonkes,以 NFT 为代表的图像类型资产保持稳定发展态势,完全链上且不可篡改的特性回归了 NFT 收藏品的本质;以 BRC-420 蓝盒子为代表的 3D 模型类型资产展现出了在 Bitcoin 上构建元宇宙的想象力,在 2024 年 1 月 23 日模型铭文资产铸造数达 6.1 万的历史新高;在 Bitcoin 上构建应用已成为现实。

(12)由 Ordinals 创始人提出的 Runes 协议备受期待

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://geniidata.com/user/jonsnft/degen)

由于厌倦 BRC-20 带来 UTXO 大量增加的不良后果,Ordinals 协议创始人 Casey 在 2023 年 9 月 25 日在社交媒体上公开抨击 BRC-20 ,并提出了一种替代 BRC-20 的新的代币化标准协议 Runes(符文)。Runes 余额由 UTXO 来记录和保存,一个 UTXO 可以包含任意数量的符文。相比于 BRC-20 ,基于 UTXO 的 Runes 更贴合于比特币的原生特性,减少了 UTXO 集膨胀所带来的危害,以及降低了依赖外部索引而面临的共识分化风险。

由 Casey 推出的“官方版”Runes 协议主网已定于下一次比特币减半时上线,但 Runes 愿景已经在一些草根协议上实现,比如 Rune Alpha,部署了 COOK 符文代币;由铭文劳模 Benny 推出的 PIPE Protocol,诞生了 PIPE 等符文代币;RSIC 新的挖矿玩法,挖矿产出是未来 Runes 协议上线后的某种符文代币。

(13)基于 UTXO 模型的 Atomicals 协议展现潜力

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://dune.com/0x matsu 0x/atomicals-vs-ordinals)

2023 年 9 月,Arthur 在打磨数月后推出了基于比特币 UTXO 模型的 Ordinals 改进协议 Atomicals,拥有 GPU Bitwork 挖矿机制,原生定义了 NFT、ARC-20 和 Realm 三种资产类型,其中 ARC-20 是一种染色聪代币标准,每一枚 ARC-20 代币都由 1 聪作为支撑。因更贴近于 Bitcoin 原生态,Atomicals 也被社区认为有潜力接力 Ordinals 开启新一轮铭文生态繁荣。因与物质基本单位原子同名,Atomicals 协议了形成了以 ATOM 为首的物理 MEME 文化,其余 ARC-20 大多也以物理名词命名。在 2024 年 1 月 1 日和 1 月 21 日,QUARK 与 SOPHON 的铸造活动都推动了 Atomicals 在单日铸造/部署数上超过 Ordinals。

(14)对 Bitcoin degen 玩家空投或成常态,RSIC 的首次高价值空投

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://dune.com/keyinotc/rsic-airdrop)

在 2024 年 1 月 22 日,RSIC 向 Ordinals 活跃地址与蓝筹 BTC NFT 持有者等共 9.27 k 个地址空投。RSIC 总量 2.1 万个,当前地板价超过 0.036 BTC(约 1, 500 美元)。这是铭文项目首次以高价值空投的方式进行冷启动,未来向 Bitcoin 活跃玩家空投或会越来越常态化。

(15)Bitcoin 扩容路径探索,BTC L2 迎来井喷

从0到1,十五张图表回顾比特币铭文生态的演变过程

(数据来源:https://bitvm.gitbook.io/cn/btc-layer2/overview/detail)

据 BitVM 中文社区统计,目前市面上公开的 BTC L2 已有超过 30 个,按其特点可细分为侧链、链下计算、Rollup、数据可用性、状态通道、客户端验证和其他,其中侧链有 BEVM、MAP Protocol 和 Merlin Chain 等,Rollup 有 QED Protocol、BitVM 和 Bison 等,数据可用性有 Veda 和 Nubit,状态通道有 OmniBOLT 和 Lightning Network,客户端验证有 RGB,其他有 Bool Network、Dovi 和 Bitfinity Network 等。最终预计本轮周期可能会有超过 100 个 BTC L2 诞生。

在铭文发展的短短一年时间里,各种协议与资产层出不穷,但对于绝大多数的早期协议,在索引与数据等基础设施上尚不健全,以及本人对某些协议的数据挖掘能力有所不足,因而未能全部提及,请见谅。

参考:

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vIfc_CUKsQlCXBgkaF2VdA

https://www.theblockbeats.info/news/49464?search=1

https://www.odaily.news/post/5191700

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Weekly Editor's Picks (0613-0619): Market Insights & Analysis This weekly digest curates in-depth analysis often lost in the information flow, focusing on key insights across macro trends, investment, and technology. **Macro & Geopolitics:** With the Strait of Hormuz reopening and military conflict shifting to negotiation, markets are pivoting from "war shock" to "supply restoration." Trades include shorting crude risk premiums, longing airlines/tourism, Asian energy importers, and bond duration, while shorting inflation expectations. LNG, fertilizer, and chemical chains are also being repriced. **Investment & VC:** Ray Dalio advises against betting on concentrated AI giants dominating indices, advocating for diversified portfolios of high-quality, low-correlation assets instead. Analysis covers the 4-year crypto cycle, predicting the core surviving product by 2029 will be asset trading markets. Current BTC metrics suggest a potential bottoming zone, presenting a patient accumulation window. SpaceX's high-profile IPO at a $2.1T valuation faces scrutiny over fundamentals, with key watchpoints being its likely inclusion in the Nasdaq index and Q2 earnings. Concerns are raised about potential "gamma squeeze" and systemic risks if its narrative-driven valuation gets amplified by passive index funds. Robinhood (HOOD) is noted for breaking its high correlation with crypto, bolstered by its stock trading and new underwriting business. **Web3 & AI:** A warning highlights ~$1.8T in off-balance-sheet AI infrastructure commitments (purchase commitments, leases) as a potential systemic risk if AI monetization lags. AI models are being used for World Cup predictions, adding a new layer for betting markets. A cost breakdown of a $20 AI subscription reveals the supply chain from model companies to cloud, GPUs, and power. **Prediction Markets:** The emergence of prediction market "concept stocks" is noted, with Robinhood developing its own platform, Rothera, signaling a shift from market competition to a "channel war" for user access. **CeFi & DeFi:** The SpaceX IPO tested perpetual contract mechanisms for pre-IPO assets, highlighting challenges in handling corporate actions like stock splits on-chain. The de-pegging of STRC (Strategy's preferred share) to ~$89 reflects market concerns over MicroStrategy's capital structure and BTC-backed leverage model. BlackRock's covered-call Bitcoin ETF (BITA) offers yield but caps upside, appealing to yield-seeking institutions. **Ethereum:** An opinion piece argues Ethereum's core strength is its vast developer community and composability, solidifying its role as the default operating system for the financial internet. **Weekly Hot Topics:** Include the US-Iran deal reopening the Strait of Hormuz, Fed's hawkish hold, Anthropic restricting model access, SpaceX acquiring Cursor, and a humorous stock surge for "Liuliumei" due to its "LLM" ticker.

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Weekly Editor's Picks (0613-0619)

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Alliance's Co-Founder's Letter to Entrepreneurs: Written on the Occasion of Cursor's $60 Billion Sale

In this letter to entrepreneurs, Alliance reflects on the success of Cursor's $60 billion sale to Elon Musk, using it as a case study to counter the misconception that opportunities in crowded fields like AI or crypto are exhausted. The piece argues that great companies like Cursor, Stripe, Figma, and Shopify are not built by geniuses with perfect ideas, but by founders who start with a non-consensus belief about the future and build for years before that future becomes obvious to everyone. They identify long-term shifts, find overlooked entry points, and execute relentlessly. The framework for success involves: 1. **Identifying your place in the technology cycle**: Early-stage opportunities focus on making new tech usable for power users (e.g., Coinbase, Cursor). Later-stage opportunities involve finding the "yin" to an existing "yang"—the blind spots of first-generation players (e.g., Stripe vs. PayPal, Figma vs. Adobe). 2. **Cultivating unique insights**: Immerse yourself deeply in the market. Use every product, talk to users, and build an audience. Insights will emerge naturally from deep engagement. 3. **Finding a "hair-on-fire" problem**: Look for a 10x improvement or a severe, urgent pain point. The strongest signal is people already building clumsy workarounds. 4. **Building a focused MVP**: Don't just add features because you can. Ask why users would abandon their current tool for yours. The best startups rarely force new behaviors; they improve familiar workflows with drastically lower friction. 5. **Winning a distribution channel**: Distribution is often the moat. Before product-market fit, achieve channel-market fit. Find where your customers are and build an engine to reach them, even through unscalable, manual efforts initially. 6. **Persistence**: The final, unteachable ingredient is resilience. Success stories like Cursor, Airbnb, and Nvidia involved years of grinding, rejection, and perseverance when the path forward seemed unclear. The conclusion is that there is no secret. Most people fail to consistently execute these steps over the long term. The few who do build the companies that define the next era. The world is yours to create.

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Alliance's Co-Founder's Letter to Entrepreneurs: Written on the Occasion of Cursor's $60 Billion Sale

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