「1·23」跌入技术性熊市,加密市场难逃「TradFi 魔咒」?

foresightnews2024-01-23 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-01-24 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

「马后炮」看,加密历史上每次 TradFi 里程碑事件,都是市场阶段性见顶的预兆。

「马后炮」来看,加密历史上每次 TradFi 里程碑事件,都是市场阶段性见顶的预兆。


撰文:Frank,Foresight News


ETF 尘埃落定之后,再无新叙事扛起牛市大旗?


市场情绪愁云惨淡之下,比特币迎来「明牌大跌」:继 1 月 23 日凌晨跌破 4 万美元的整数大关之后(OKX 现货数据,下同),今日 15:00 起再度下行,一度跌破 39000 USDT 的整数关口,24 小时跌幅超 4.4%。


ETH 也在 24 小时内连续跌破 2400 USDT、2300 USDT 的整数关口,最低触及 2212 USDT。与此同时,山寨市场更是一片哀嚎,此前表现亮眼的 SOL、BNB 都普遍较近期高位下跌逾 20% 甚至更多。


总的来看,1 月 11 日现货比特币 ETF 尘埃落定之后,加密市场并未迎来疯狂大涨,反而开启震荡下行趋势:近两周来已经从阶段高点的 48988 USDT 累计下跌逾 20%,步入技术性熊市。


暴跌原因几何?


如果老生常谈地归拢背后可能的利空因素,我们会发现「明牌」,是本轮下跌过程中的典型特征。


灰度 ETF 的持续 BTC 抛压


首先是灰度投资(Grayscale Investments)的 GBTC 信托在成功转为现货 ETF 之后,造成的持续 BTC 抛压:


截至发文时,GBTC 单日再度流出超过 6.4 亿美元,创迄今为止最大的单日资金流出,转 ETF 后累计已流出 34.5 亿美元,而除 GBTC 外,其余 10 支 ETF 都处于净流入状态


尤其是截至 1 月 23 日,所有现货比特币 ETF 的前 7 个交易日总成交量约 190 亿美元,而 GBTC 就占比过半,这也意味着目前 ETF 所带来的增量资金,整体仍处于对冲 GBTC 持续资金流出的阶段抛压。



当然,其中处于破产进程的 FTX 的抛售也占了很大一部分——FTX 清仓出售的 2200 万股 GBTC 价值接近 10 亿美元。


总的来看,虽然灰度和 GBTC 在上轮牛市是最大的发动机之一,多年来一直以信托基金的方式为投资者提供合规的加密货币投资渠道,但 ETF 通过后,GBTC 的资金流出与抛压都有迹可寻:


一是 GBTC 1.5% 的管理费要远远高于其它家 0.2%-0.9% 的费用范畴(推荐阅读《便宜就是赚?比特币现货 ETF 费率大战的背后...》)。



其次就是在过去大半年的 ETF 预期博弈中,GBTC 的负溢价一路收窄,从 30% 上升至如今的趋近于 0,绝大部分提前布局买入的资金已经到了获利退出的时机(例如木头姐)。



从某种程度上讲,这在接下来一段时间会是一场明牌博弈:目前 GBTC 仍持有超 50 万枚 BTC(约 200 亿美元),待入场的机构与资金们肯定会等合适时机,以收集筹码蚕食份额。


这也意味着未来一段时间,GBTC 的抛压可能仍会压倒资金主观流入的意愿。


Mt. Gox 的达摩克里斯之剑


除此之外,dForce 创始人杨民道今日也发推称,Mt. Gox 债权人已收到邮件,确认用户早先输入的交易所地址账户所有权,作为 BTC/BCH 的收款地址。


而且杨民道表示,「将于未来两个月解锁 20 万枚比特币,用于支付债权人,目前 PayPal 法币通道已经开始支付」。


虽然此前 Mt. Gox 受托人的还款期限推迟至 2024 年 10 月 31 日,但已提供资料的债权人最早 2023 年年底就开始陆续还款,那如果按此计算,未来 2 个月 20 万枚 BTC,按法币形式还款,全部卖出就是 80 亿美元抛压。



不过值得注意的是,此前官方披露的持有资产并没有 20 万枚,而是 142000 枚 BTC、143000 枚 BCH 和 690 亿日元。


Celsius 的潜在抛压?


除此之外,近期链上频频传出 Celsius 将大额 ETH 等加密资产转入 CEX 或做市商地址的记录。


其中截止本月中旬,Celsius 钱包里有约 58.4 万枚 ETH(约 14 亿美元),并已将 9.2 万枚 ETH 转移到 Coinbase 和 FalconX,因此数据上看 Celsius 或许仍有超过 50 万枚 ETH 可供抛售。


不过据分析,就目前情况而言,Celsius 的 58.4 万枚 ETH 中,约 53.6 万枚 ETH 将以实物形式分发给无担保索赔的债权人;6.2 万枚 ETH 将以实物形式分发,用于方便索赔;大约 2.6 万枚 ETH 可能已经发送到 Coinbase 和 Paypal 来处理托管索赔分配。


这也就意味着大部分 ETH 将以实物形式分发给债权人,所以它利用剩余 ETH 能做的事极其有限(参见《超 50 万枚 ETH 待抛售?隐藏在 Celsius 背后的数据与疯狂》),也就是说 Celsius 不能「抛售所有 ETH」,否则他们就无法履行对债权人的法律义务。


其他因素


值得注意的是,CoinShares 的 2023 年挖矿报告预测,减半后每个比特币的平均生产成本为 37,856 美元,除非比特币价格保持在 40,000 美元以上,否则只有 Bitfarms、Iris、CleanSpark、TeraWulf 和 Cormint 能够继续盈利(推荐阅读《CoinShares 矿业报告:隐藏在减半背后的比特币周期密码》)。


而目前的比特币市场价格基本已经触及该关键成本线,叠加 4 月份区块奖励减半的日益临近,矿工们为了加大在下一轮军备竞赛中的优势,无疑会进一步增大资本开支,这也可能促使矿工持续减持,开启新的淘汰周期。


小结


历史不会简单重复,但总是押着相同的韵脚。


如果从「马后炮」的角度分析,对加密行业来说,历史上几乎每次涉及 TradFi 的里程碑事件,后续都证明是短期的市场阶段性见顶预兆:


  • 2017 年 12 月 10 日,芝加哥期权期货交易所(CBOE)上线比特币期货,随后芝加哥商业交易所(CME)也上线比特币期货,比特币则顺利突破 2 万 USDT,创下彼时的历史新高,但随后一路向下,开启长逾两年多的熊市;
  • 除此之外,2021 年 4 月 14 日 Coinbase 上市当日,比特币创下 64000 USDT 的历史新高,随即在 2 个月内大幅腰斩至 28000 USDT;
  • 而当年 10 月 ProShares 推出美国的首支比特币 ETF(比特币期货 ETF)后两周,比特币触顶,并一直维持下跌趋势;


这里面固然有「卖事实」的因素存在,但也折射出传统金融玩家对加密市场的影响可能并不是单调的利好或利空——人们总是容易高估短期影响,而低估长期影响。


如今回过头看,这些里程碑事件都从大周期上都促进了行业不断走向更主流的大众视野,但短期上也确实都遇到了不小的市场回调。


保持乐观,不要上头,历史是在曲折中螺旋上升。正如 Spectra Markets 公司总裁、货币交易员 Brent Donnelly 对媒体表示:


「这是一个合乎逻辑的、几乎不可避免的演变过程,一个价值和价格极不确定的新生证券正在成为一个拥有百万参与者的主流资产」。

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