Celestia入侵战打响,以太坊将是最大赢家?

Odaily星球日报2024-01-16 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-01-16 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

多样化的繁荣 layer2、layer3 市场崛起,以太坊始终都会是最大获益者。

原文作者:Haotian(@tmel0211

Celestia入侵战打响,以太坊将是最大赢家?

编者按:近期,TIA 价格不断飙升,创历史新高。Celestia 对以太坊的威胁似乎悄然逼近,Celestia 真的会是以太坊杀手吗?入侵战的结果又会如何?加密分析师 Haotian(@tme l0 211)在 X 上发表了对于 Celestia 入侵以太坊的解读,认为 Layer 2 市场会走向「多样化」繁荣,而以太坊始终都会是最大获益者。

该如何理解 @CelestiaOrg 对以太坊的威胁,真的会是以太坊 killer 吗?在我看来,Celestia 的入侵战会在 layer 2 领域持续打响,只不过,这场战争的结果并非你死我亡,反倒会达成一种「双赢」的局面。

本质上这是 layer 2 市场高度模块化的必然。Why?接下来,说说我得看法。

我们把以太坊区块链系统拆解开来,核心就两个:

1)Data Avaliability,数据可用性;2)interoperability,可交互操作性。至于其他 EVM 执行层,POS 共识层,虽然也重要,但谈及 Rollup layer 2 时,我们更多看重的就 DA 和 interoperability

DA 对应以太坊的 Validators 的验证能力,若以太坊参与 DA,layer 2 提交上来的状态转变过程,主网 Validators 有能力做校验以确保安全性,若把以太坊 DA 剥离开,主网 calldata 和 Blob 区块则成了 layer 2 的状态转变公告板,有效性由第三方 DA 共识来决定,即使提交到主网的是一笔有预谋的「坏账」,主网也无法做判断和干预。

interoperability 则对应以太坊和其他链的通信交互能力,主要涉及链间的资产结算通信安全性,以及流动性共通的有效解决方案。目前主要有 @eigenlayer 等 Restaking 项目以及一些做流动性管理的 middle layer 项目。

这类流动性管理解决方案除了可以稳固以太坊的资产结算层地位之外,不仅可以向多链环境释放以太坊过载的共识,关键是还能把以太坊 Validators 的安全共识能力输出到其他链,为以太坊 DeFi 品牌根基开辟全新的疆土。

Celestia 这个模块化公链的开山鼻祖之一,按理说它应该把 Cosmos IBC 涉及公链作为自己的主攻目标,毕竟基于 Cosmos IBC 的链大多主打轻量化,DA 层选择基于 Celestia 构建正好完美契合。

然而,Celestia 却不走寻常路,推出面向以太坊生态的 Blobstream 作为「外患」不断向以太坊渗透,再结合以太坊 layer 2 OP Stack 掀起的一键发链「内祸」,凭借这一点,Celestia 几乎攻城略地,持续入侵以太坊 layer 2 的疆域。

作为一个 layer 2 开发者,摆在面前的无非是 DA 正统性和发链成本性的 Tradeoff。

DA 正统性在商业化市场相对更被动,它适合一些更关心安全共识问题,有一定品牌底蕴和市场基础的综合 layer 2 项目,而一些新锐小 layer 2 ,尤其是基于 OP Stack 一键发链速成的 layer 2 链,会想尽办法把成本压榨到最低。

故而 Celesitia 这类第三方 DA 自然是更好的选择。尽管 EigenDA 也提供了以太坊 DA 服务问题,但其并无法降低项目方开发 layer 2 的实际成本。

对于选择走捷径运维 layer 2 的开发者,成本必然会是第一考量因素,layer 2 最大的成本也就是以太坊的 DA 成本,选择第三方 DA 低成本来对冲前期运营的市场营收压力,可能会是大部分尾部小开发者的偏好选择。

所以,Celestia 会不会威胁以太坊的关键在于,以太坊 layer 2 的未来发展形势。如果 layer 2 会逐渐向四大天王为首的综合型 layer 2 收窄,那 DA 正统性就是主旋律,如果 layer 2 会向以各类 layer 2 解决方案雨后春笋般涌现潮,那成本考量始终是硬道理。

虽然还有一个坎昆升级的变量存在,但以太坊 layer 2 的趋势已经很明显,一定会有大批量的 layer 2 方案冒出来,原因不难理解:

Arbitrum,Optimism,Starkent,zkSync 等四大天王发展不及预期,Sequencer 去中心化问题, 7 天挑战不落地问题,Prover 系统的硬件加速问题,EVM competiable 等效问题,资产跨链逃生舱问题,Token 经济模型无法赋能治理代币问题,原生 DeFi 发展吃力问题等等。

不夸张的说,layer 2 发展至今遗留了一大箩筐的问题,任何一个问题拎出来都再配套 Stack 框架以及 Celestia DA 都可能成为有资本叙事想象空间的一个有力发展方向。

我在此前的文章也说过,坎昆升级后 layer 2 的乱战局面才会真正拉开帷幕,layer 2 市场会走向「多样化」繁荣。况且 OP Stack 和 ZK Stack 还在构建一个更开放、更包容的 layer 3 应用链时代,到时候传统以太坊 layer 2 的框架会更加模糊,Celestia 这类三方 DA 则会成为模块化 DA 层成为刚需。

这是 layer 2 赛道趋向商业化扩张的必然,也是 Celestia 对以太坊 layer 2 生态「贼心不死」的根本原因。

只是,这对以太坊并非只是威胁,当越来越多的 layer 2 采用 Celestia 这类第三方 DA 方案,Celestia 市场地位凸显的同时,也会推动以太坊 layer 2 产生变局:

1)综合型 layer 2 平台会成为根基,流通性、用户量、应用生态等都会占有品牌制高点,DA 正统性会成为核心差异性来保证他们的牢固位置;

2)个性化新锐 layer 2 平台会成为延展,创新性,多样玩法,市场预期机会等则会吸引一批批的人探险掘金,灵活和自由就是他们手捏的王牌。

基于这个思路,以太坊的核心 layer 2 会日趋稳固,以太坊 DA 的位置也不会动摇,而一些偏灵活的 layer 2 或者 layer 3 ,尽管 DA 不在以太坊,但别忘了,只要他们基于 Stack 堆栈构建于以太坊上,Interoperablity 可交互操作的掌控,他们是很难逃脱的。

届时,以太坊作为资产结算层以及流动性的源头,会对这些灵活的 layer 2 形成更软性的流动性控制。

如果你不理解我说的这层意思,看看,价格被炒上天的 celestia 上运行着少的可怜的交易就明白了,Celestia 在入侵以太坊的同时,也会逐渐失去「综合链」的属性(本来也不是),而成为以太坊生态的一个模块化 DA 层。那么多以太坊 layer 2 采用 Celestia 的 DA 又怎样,只要 Stack、Rollup 的框架不变,这些 layer 2 都得向以太坊持续「纳税」。

比起失去的 DA 正统性,多样化的繁荣 layer 2、layer 3 市场崛起,以太坊始终都会是最大获益者。

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