香港“ICO”卷土重来,再掀牛市狂潮 ?

Odaily星球日报2023-12-21 tarihinde yayınlandı2023-12-21 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

波士顿咨询公司(BCG)和ADDX于2022年联合发布的报告预测,到2030年,资产代币化将增长50倍,市场规模可达16.1万亿美元。

日前,香港证监会发布通函,针对“代币化证券”在港发展提供监管指引。代币化证券属于 STO(证券型代币发行)的一个狭义分支,本质仍是传统证券,但经代币化上链发行后,可带来更高的透明度、更低的流通成本以及潜在的 Staking 收益。

以“代币化证券”形式率先试水 STO,更适用于早期监管不够完善、无法完全掌控风险的阶段,随着行业不断成熟,预计将有更多的资产品类代币化。机构预测,香港 STO 规模未来有望达到万亿美金。

相比早期的 ICO(首次代币发行),STO 必须受相关证券机构以及证券法律法规监管,可视为风险可控的“合规级 ICO”。而其又较 IPO 发行门槛及难度更低,将显著提升融资效率及金融市场活力。

STO 可发行 ?

香港“ICO”卷土重来,再掀牛市狂潮 ?

允许虚拟资产交易所在港持牌营运后,香港拥抱金融创新的脚步没有停止,围绕 STO,香港监管、从业者迅速行动,利用代币化技术释放传统证券业的潜力。

根据香港证监会发布的《有关代币化证监会认可投资产品的通函》及《有关中介人从事代币化证券相关活动的通函》,针对“代币化证券”沿用了传统证券市场的监管框架,且取消“仅限专业投资者”的强制规定,为零售投资者认购代币化证券打开了口子,也为市场规模扩增埋下了引线。

两则通函下发后,香港金融从业者针对 STO 产业的热情陡增,多家香港券商开始着手处理或提供有关代币化证券的建议,基金经理也在探索发行和分发代币化基金,管理投资于代币化证券的基金。

当前,香港已经诞生了多个合规级 STO 案例,但出于风险考量,仍仅限专业投资者参与。其中,太极资本启动面向专业投资者的房地产基金 STO,用于收购位于九龙区太子旅游热点的五个零售物业。投资者持有代币可获得物业每年产生的租金收入。高普科技推出针对证券发行人和专业投资者的 STO 平台,专门从事 STO 的首次发行和分销。香港投资推广署金融科技主管梁瀚璟认为,这是重要的里程碑,将现实世界资产代币化是数字资产领域最佳机会之一。

STO 可投资 ?

香港“ICO”卷土重来,再掀牛市狂潮 ?

虽然放开了针对代币化证券“仅限专业投资者”的强制规定,但由于代币化证券引入了 DLT(例如区块链技术),潜在的技术风险随之加大,监管部门仍抱有谨慎态度。目前,香港尚未诞生零售投资者可参与的 STO 产品。

应对风险挑战,证监会明确要求中介人管理与传统证券无关的新风险,特别是涉及到代币化活动中的拥有权风险及科技风险,例如分叉(forking)、区块链网络中断及网络保安风险。STO 从业方还应具备专业人手,对使用代币化技术的产品进行尽职审查,了解新科技风险防措施、代币化证券的保管安排、防范黑客的保障措施等。

对于这些专业知识,传统券商缺乏足够的技术储备,部分机构开始紧急招募区块链人才,应对 STO 的发展趋势。而在这方面,香港新晋的合规虚拟资产交易所具有得天独厚的优势,它们既能够满足合规要求,又从底层上更能理解“代币”相关技术及风险。

据了解,当前多家在港持牌或在申牌名单上虚拟资产交易所都展开了 STO 相关布局,上述推出房地产基金 STO 的太极资本旗下的交易所 HKbitEX 就在申牌名单中。

另一家申牌平台 VDX 也在关注 STO 的进展,该交易所负责人解释称,虽然代币化证券本质上仍是证券,但如何将证券 Token 化实现上链流通以及妥善管理资产,对于传统机构来说都是全新的业务,这其中涉及到许多技术细节,包括智能合约的代码审计、DLT 网络的安全性、参与各方后端系统间的互操作性、防范黑客盗币风险等等。“这些环节我们非常熟悉,但对于传统券商可能是一道难题。”

STO 的未来 ?

香港“ICO”卷土重来,再掀牛市狂潮 ?

尽管存在风险上的不确定性,但在香港证监会看来,代币化将为金融市场带来一些潜在的好处,特别是在让传统金融业提高效率,增加透明度,缩短交收时间及降低成本方面。

严格意义上,代币化证券只是香港监管的早期的谨慎试水。由于其本质还是传统证券,因此概念上它只是 STO 的一个狭义分支。全盘理解 STO(证券型代币),它对应的金融资产和权益,不仅包含代币化的传统证券,还应囊括黄金、房地产投资信托、数据资产、区块链系统的分红权(如区块链原生代币)等等,因此 STO 的市场规模较代币化证券更大。

而 STO 又属于 RWA(现实世界资产代币化)的一个分支。RWA 中的资产类别除了股票、债券等证券和金融产品外,还包括房产、汽车、酒、奢侈品、贵金属等等。将现实世界中具有价值且流动性较低的资产代币化,可以显著提升流动性和融资借贷效率。

波士顿咨询公司(BCG)和 ADDX 于 2022 年联合发布的报告预测,到 2030 年,资产代币化将增长 50 倍,市场规模可达 16.1 万亿美元。

代币化时代下,STO 及 RWA 市场万亿美元规模的潜力已经显现,香港的前瞻性政策为本土企业提供了早期布局的机会。对于传统证券经纪公司及新兴的合规虚拟资产交易所来说,这将是一次历史性的机遇。

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