比特币需要侧链吗?一文探讨比特币的DeFi未来

Odaily星球日报2023-11-09 tarihinde yayınlandı2023-11-09 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

与比特币联合挖矿,并采用 Gas 友好型经济模型的区块链可能会给出答案。

原文作者:Jagdeep Sidhu

原文编译:Luffy,Foresight News

比特币未来需要侧链吗?在一项六年前的提案重新回到大众视野后,如今的 DeFi 社区对这个问题的回答产生了分歧。由于围绕侧链的争议涉及高级加密语言,因此我们首先介绍基础知识,然后更深入地研究该提案的优缺点以及潜在的解决方案。

在我们深入研究 BIP-300 的细节之前,需要说明的是,还有一些不涉及侧链的替代方法可以扩展比特币的效用。其中一种方法是联合挖矿,它允许比特币的工作量证明(PoW)与更多链共享,而无需额外成本。这不仅在经济上可行,而且还与比特币建立了共生关系,而不是与之竞争。例如,实现这一目标的一种方式是在联合挖矿的链上采用 EIP-1559 等经济学方案,这使得交易更具效益。

本文所讨论的比特币改进提案是 BIP-300 ,通常称为比特币驱动链(Drivechain)。它最初于 2017 年推出,建议在比特币区块链之上添加专门设计的名为「Drivechain」的侧链 。比特币 Drivechain 将作为连接到比特币主网的区块链运行,并使用 BTC 作为系统内代币。

另一点需要考虑的是矿工激励。联合挖矿本质上允许矿工可以通过做他们已经从事的事情来赚取「免费资金」。这不仅有利于矿工,而且还为与比特币联合挖矿的新链增加了额外的安全性。

支持者认为这项提议是革命性的一步,而反对者则认为这可能会打开比特币网络诈骗的大门,同时导致监管机构进行更多审查。

虽然围绕 BIP-300 的争论仍在继续,但有必要研究现有的解决方案,这些解决方案可以作为我们所倡导的价值观的概念证明。毕竟,出于 DeFi 的原因,Drivechain 肯定不是使用比特币 PoW 安全性的唯一方法。还有其他 Layer 2 系统可以通过直接、安全和可扩展的路径扩展比特币的用例。

但话说回来,为什么社区担心向比特币添加更多侧链呢?这不是以太坊生态系统每周都会做的事情吗?

BIP-300 的局限性

主要问题在于 BIP-300 允许 BTC 在主网和这些 Drivechain 之间以双向挂钩 ( 2 WP) 的方式进行无需信任的转移。比特币的真理是,主网上的 BTC 永远无法真正离开区块链。相反, 2 WP 方法通过锁定主网上「转移」到侧链的确切数量的 BTC,然后解锁目标链中的等量代币,从而产生转移的假象。当 BTC 从侧链「转移」到比特币区块链时,会发生同样的过程。

至此,我们就容易看到 BIP-300 的局限性并理解比特币社区的担忧了。首先,在比特币主网和侧链之间实现双向挂钩可能会完全破坏比特币的经济学和假设。

批评者还认为,Drivechain 可能会导致基于比特币的诈骗激增,因为每个侧链都有自己的 BTC 版本。而且,正如过去几年发生的那样,诈骗活动的增加直接推动监管打击。从技术方面来看,BIP-300 还需要在比特币区块链上进行软分叉,这会增加另一层复杂性以及潜在的故障点。

比特币需要更多用例

虽然这些担忧有道理,但中本聪将比特币创造为电子货币,而不是价值储存手段,这也是一个现实。这就是为什么我们需要寻找在更大的 DeFi 生态系统中利用 BTC 的方法,否则它最终会变得过于通货紧缩,无法真正用于除了价值储存以外的任何用途。

因此,比特币社区需要一个系统来补充比特币,而不是通过尝试创建新的替代品来与之竞争。其中一种解决方案是构建区块链与比特币网络进行联合挖矿。联合挖矿使矿工能够同时工作于多个区块链,而不会产生额外的能源成本。联合挖矿的区块链可以利用这一点,继承比特币稳定增长的算力的很大一部分。

对于 BTC 持有者来说,在网络上转移 BTC 的 Gas 费会变得昂贵。通过比特币 l 联合挖矿的区块链,可以通过基于 EIP-1559 的经济学策略销毁部分进行交易或执行合约所需的费用。由于 EIP-1559 取消了价高优先的费用市场机制,因此链有可能实现更便宜的 Gas 费用。

重要的是要记住,基础层只是开始:为了在更多用例中使用比特币,任何 L1 区块链都需要一个额外的层来与用户「交互」:一个包含各种去中心化应用程序和服务的第二层。通过构建一个 L2 生态系统,让由比特币驱动的 DApp 能够在不受当前侧链限制的情况下蓬勃发展,将为以安全和可扩展的方式扩大用户群打开大门。最后,这不仅仅是为比特币添加功能,这是为了增强整个区块链生态系统,以改善全球社会。

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