ETH2.0未来已来Near公链补位

数字货币观察2022-04-20 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-04-20 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

NEARProtocol将于2022年成为智能合同中最具竞争力的协议之一。

NEARProtocol将于2022年成为智能合同中最具竞争力的协议之一。

如今,加密市场的热度上升,当有前途的加密项目不再受到瞩目,人们很容易忽略它们。NEARProtocol就是如此,人们并没有关注它将涉猎Cardano(一种加密货币)的消息。这也就是为什么,今天我要给你们简要回顾一下NEARProtocol,让你们对那些最激动人心的更新项目有所了解,并告诉你们为什么NEARcoin已经准备好重整旗鼓。

NEAR是下一代智能合约平台。它是最接近以太坊2.0愿景的平台——一条分片、可扩容的区块链,但其上线比以太坊2.0早了数年。

以太坊1.0无法满足去中心化应用日益增长的需求。当数字收藏品游戏CryscryKitties在2017年堵塞以太坊网络时,这一点首次变得显而易见。自那以后,2020年后期的牛市使以太坊的拥堵问题更加严重。Gasfee已飙升至历史新高,用户与基于智能合约的应用进行交互时心力交瘁。

以太坊过去3年间gas的平均价格。Credit:Etherscan

我们知道这只是个开始——DeFi应用尚未普及到主流受众,但以太坊1.0已经不堪重负。尽管有这些掣肘,如今在以太坊上运行的多数DeFi应用(如AMM和贷款协议)表现都非常亮眼,但是,区块链用户和开发者对公链有更高的要求。

2018年时这一问题就已深入人心。当时媒体给其它智能合约平台冠以「以太坊杀手」的名号。

这种说法太老套了。

NEAR不是要杀死以太坊。以太坊在目前看将永远是智能合约环境中不可或缺的一环,而NEAR更多倾向于与以太坊协作并对其进行增强,就像区块链网络版图中的另一座大型城市。

截至目前在智能合约版图中,只有一座城市很重要:以太坊,您可以把它想象成纽约市。有关智能合约的一切活动目前都在以太坊上发生。但现在它非常拥堵、钙化,需要某种方式来扩容。

从广义上讲,有三种扩容智能合约的途径。第一条途径是通过「互操作性协议」,如波卡Polkadot或Cosmos,多条异质区块链桥接在一起。这有点像在全国各地修建高速公路系统,连接起一些小城镇。

第二条途径是通过Rollup二层方案,您可以把它想象成在以太坊上建设越来越高的摩天大楼——不能任意扩容,而是缓解拥堵压力的一种短期好办法。

第三条途径是NEAR所采取的道路:构建一条全新的治理完善、并具备兼容性的L1公链,桥接回以太坊。打个比方,NEAR正试图建设第二座城市:智能合约版图中的芝加哥市。

比喻很形象了。那我们再谈谈技术层面。

有两种方法可以极大提高区块链交易吞吐量:垂直扩容和水平扩容。

水平vs垂直扩容。Credit:PudgyLogic

垂直扩容是指:为了实现更高的吞吐量,我们将要求每个节点都非常强大。这意味着交易处理不能再由普通用户完成,但这样的一个网络能处理更多的计算。Solana和DFINITY采用这种方法,这意味着在这两条区块链中,普通用户无法在商品化硬件上验证区块链。

这不一定是坏事!垂直扩容的区块链对于某些需要高性能和全球访问状态一致的应用而言具有很高吸引力。但是,他们通过牺牲验证器去中心化来实现这一目标。

水平扩容采取的是完全相反的路径。水平扩容将系统划分为多个分片。每个分片仅执行区块链上总工作量的一个子集,每个验证器只需验证单个分片(和部分「协调器」分片)。由于每个分片的工作压力较低,因此允许更多用户参与验证。这样保持验证去中心化,同时仍能扩容系统的总吞吐量。

这正是以太坊2.0的规划远景:一个任意分片的智能合约平台。唯一的遗憾是以太坊2.0看上去还需要数年时间才能成真:以太坊创始人Vitalik近期称,以太坊2.0的智能合约需要太长时间才能完全实现,以太坊在数年的过渡时间内只能先完全采取Rollup方案。

NEAR采用了与以太坊2.0完全相同的实现策略:水平分片区块链,能够支持每秒高出几个数量级的订单。但与以太坊2.0不同的是,NEAR目前已经上线。

举几个数字让您感受一下NEAR提供的扩容提升:NEAR区块链上的每个分片可以单独处理的交易比以太坊1.0多出10倍。NEAR区块链最终将拥有超过100个分片。这意味着,NEAR最终每秒将能够处理比以太坊1.0多1000倍的交易。

但目前可扩容性是一个相对容易的承诺。许多全新的智能合约平台都宣称其强大的可扩容性,但用户仍然聚集在以太坊上。真正的挑战是创造超越以太坊的一流开发者体验。而这正是NEAR的闪光点。

凭借着可扩展性、高的交易吞吐量、快速的开发人员同比增长,以及即将引发变化的事件的到来,NEAR协议正在朝着历史新高迈进。

Near是一个以分片、权益证明、Layer1区块链为基础,为可用性而设计的开发平台。它包括无需许可的基础层、独立的原生代币、预定的货币政策和一个计算资源市场。Near团队由来自谷歌、Meta、微软和MemSQL等科技巨头的90多名世界级开发人员和研究人员组成,这些人经过大量的开源、去中心化协作努力,才形成了Near。

Near倾向于实用主义而不是完美主义,其基本价值主张是“简单性将最终推动采用”。因此,其成功的衡量标准取决于协议的易用性,以及从未拥有过加密货币的开发人员在Near上建设的能力。Near是一个以开发人员为中心的Layer1区块链平台,优先考虑开发人员和终端用户的体验,这就是它能够长期成功的原因。

Near的核心是一个社区运营的云,它充当了参与者间的计算资源市场。在供应方面,有通过激励来维护网络安全的验证者节点(目前有100个节点)。在需求方面,开发人员和终端用户是平台的主要关注点。

一层协议中存在一个固有的三难困境,这是大规模采用和成功的最大障碍。首先,用户想要安全,但只要用户体验顺畅,平台通常并不关注。其次,开发人员最关心的是采用,确保它拥有作为长期收入的可持续来源。此外,验证者希望获得更高的收入来保护权益证明网络。最后,用户也就是主要的代币持有者,他们希望这种原生代币长期充当价值储存手段。

这个三难困境的底层解决方案是,随着新用户和开发人员对代币的需求增长,网络上的应用程序使用量将会增加。然后网络的验证者会获得更高的收入,因为抵押的代币更少,而销毁的代币更多,从而增加了验证者的收益。通过这种经济飞轮,费用降低,同时补偿验证者,而最终用户作为代币持有者也会感到高兴,网络的安全性也随之提高。

NEAR与ETH2.0

套用NavalRavikant(AngleList联合创始人,Uber、Twitter等的早期投资人)的话,“Near看起来就像以太坊2.0的路线图,只是它已经实施了。”以太坊2.0的目标是成为一个分片、权益证明、与EVM兼容的一层区块链,能够实现便宜、快速的交易,同时对环境和开发者友好。SimpleNightshade(去年11月推出第一阶段,分成四个分片,在60个左右的验证者之间共享)的推出使Near向着完全分片和安全的区块链目标迈进了一步。

Near采用委托权益证明(DPoS)共识机制,目前每秒可以实现2500~3000笔交易。它由可以随着网络需求线性增加的分片和验证人席位(每个分片100个验证人席位)组成,因此降低了准入门槛,并可以在未来大规模采用。

Near网络通过拜占庭容错假设,优化了活跃度而不是安全性,从而使所有交易的最终确定性低于2秒。

Near和以太坊2.0之间的最大区别在于Near使用单个链来分片每个块,而不是信标链。这确保了共识的数据可用性,同时减轻了分片级攻击。动态重新分片预计将在2022年底上线,这将使网络能够保持较低的交易费用,同时实现更高的吞吐量。这种方法也对环境友好,Near在2021年2月被SouthPole认证为碳中和项目。

以开发者为中心的协议

与替代的第一层区块链相比,Near最强大的竞争优势是它对开发人员的友好性。Near也为以开发者优先而自豪,通过专注于开发者体验来鼓励大规模采用和使用网络。由于节点运行WebAssembly(WASM,一种使用非JavaScript代码,并使其在浏览器中运行的方法),因此开发人员可以使用Rust或AssemblyScript编写应用程序,无需学习新的编程语言即可开始在Near上进行开发。

此外,Near还拥有自己的二层协议Aurora,它与EVM兼容,允许当前的以太坊开发人员以很少的成本在Near上无缝运行他们的应用程序。Aurora以1秒的出块时间、2秒的确定性和每笔交易大约0.02美元的价格帮助在以太坊和Near之间架起一座桥梁。在过去几年中,这种低准入门槛导致开发人员的大量采用。

分析增长

根据ElectricCapital的数据,Near是全职开发者最多的可替代的一层区块链(除Bitcoin、Ethereum、Polkadot、Cosmos、Solana之外)之一。

Near拥有发展最快的生态系统之一,在过去2年中,开发人员总数增长了4倍。这种开发人员的高增长率是该协议的采用和使用将持续持续发展的关键指标。

开发者激励

如果开发人员认为用户的生命周期价值将超过gas成本,他们可以支付gas和交易成本。这为预算终端用户的期望提供了可预测的定价。

30%的交易费用给到智能合约(在交易期间使用的所有合约之间平均分配),这为智能合约的开发提供了可持续的收入来源。随着8亿美元激励基金的宣布,开发者增加了一个在Near上建设的有吸引力的理由。

在基于区块链的应用程序和游戏的入门过程中,有95~97%的下降率。Near侧重于渐进式的安全性(高可用性和低安全性,反之亦然)。Near的账户名称以“.near”结尾,这为新入场的终端用户提供了便捷的用户体验。此外,Near的委托权益共识证明还赋予了用户参与生态系统的安全性的权利,这个过程可以从用户第一次通过原生钱包应用程序第一次与平台的交互开始。这种易用性与开发人员的低门槛为Near的长期采用提供了核心优势。

近期变化因素

Near有几个引发变化的因素,使其成为一项具有完全吸引力的投资。1月底,Near完成了由TigerGlobal领投的3.5亿美元融资,这增加了支持Near生态系统的风险投资巨头明星名单。根据Messari的报道,截至2021年第三季度,Near是加密基金第二大最常持有的资产。

此外,Near将在未来几个月内在Coinbase交易所上市,这将有助于以前所未有的方式提高在散户中的知名度。这也为将NearNFT整合到Coinbase即将推出的NFT市场铺平了道路。最后,在4月20日,Near将宣布与其他资本充足的稳定币合作推出他们自己的原生算法稳定币USN。他们将提供约20%的年利率,这极具吸引力,也将促进DeFi资本轮换到Near生态系统,从其他一层协议中吸取总TVL。

随着有吸引力的稳定币收益带来的增长,这将使Near与Terra进行比较。Terra目前的市值约为400亿美元,而Near的市值为100亿美元。上述引发变化的因素将在短期和长期内加强Near的基本面,并可能导致其市值在未来几个月内至少升值100%。

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NEAR Nasıl Satın Alınır

HTX.com’a hoş geldiniz! NEAR Protocol (NEAR) satın alma işlemlerini basit ve kullanışlı bir hâle getirdik. Adım adım açıkladığımız rehberimizi takip ederek kripto yolculuğunuza başlayın. 1. Adım: HTX Hesabınızı OluşturunHTX'te ücretsiz bir hesap açmak için e-posta adresinizi veya telefon numaranızı kullanın. Sorunsuzca kaydolun ve tüm özelliklerin kilidini açın. Hesabımı Aç2. Adım: Kripto Satın Al Bölümüne Gidin ve Ödeme Yönteminizi SeçinKredi/Banka Kartı: Visa veya Mastercard'ınızı kullanarak anında NEAR Protocol (NEAR) satın alın.Bakiye: Sorunsuz bir şekilde işlem yapmak için HTX hesap bakiyenizdeki fonları kullanın.Üçüncü Taraflar: Kullanımı kolaylaştırmak için Google Pay ve Apple Pay gibi popüler ödeme yöntemlerini ekledik.P2P: HTX'teki diğer kullanıcılarla doğrudan işlem yapın.Borsa Dışı (OTC): Yatırımcılar için kişiye özel hizmetler ve rekabetçi döviz kurları sunuyoruz.3. Adım: NEAR Protocol (NEAR) Varlıklarınızı SaklayınNEAR Protocol (NEAR) satın aldıktan sonra HTX hesabınızda saklayın. Alternatif olarak, blok zinciri transferi yoluyla başka bir yere gönderebilir veya diğer kripto para birimlerini takas etmek için kullanabilirsiniz.4. Adım: NEAR Protocol (NEAR) Varlıklarınızla İşlem YapınHTX'in spot piyasasında NEAR Protocol (NEAR) ile kolayca işlemler yapın.Hesabınıza erişin, işlem çiftinizi seçin, işlemlerinizi gerçekleştirin ve gerçek zamanlı olarak izleyin. Hem yeni başlayanlar hem de deneyimli yatırımcılar için kullanıcı dostu bir deneyim sunuyoruz.

416 Toplam GörüntülenmeYayınlanma 2024.12.10Güncellenme 2026.06.02

NEAR Nasıl Satın Alınır

Tartışmalar

HTX Topluluğuna hoş geldiniz. Burada, en son platform gelişmeleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olabilir ve profesyonel piyasa görüşlerine erişebilirsiniz. Kullanıcıların NEAR (NEAR) fiyatı hakkındaki görüşleri aşağıda sunulmaktadır.

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