Bankless:Solana 的涅槃,一个具有强大韧性的 L1

MarsBit2023-07-03 tarihinde yayınlandı2023-07-04 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

作为目前 Solana 上最大的应用程序,Marinade Finance 是一个建立在 Solana 网络上的流动性质押协议,使用户能够使用自动化策略来进行 SOL 代币的质押。

Solana 经历了很多困难。在从 FTX 的崩溃中艰难恢复之后,L1 又引起了监管机构的不满。即使是 Vitalik 也对事情的发展感到遗憾。尽管受到了许多重击,但该网络仍然显示出强大的韧性。
Solana 于 2017 年首次推出,是一个旨在提供比其他 L1 区块链(如以太坊和比特币)更高的“基础层”吞吐量和可扩展性的区块链。
目前,比特币每秒处理约 5 笔交易,以太坊每秒处理约 30 笔交易,而 Solana 每秒处理约 4,000 笔交易,网络理论上可以支持 65k-75k TPS 的交易水平。
因此,Solana 能够以极低成本支持几乎即时的交易,这使得该网络对于一些 Web3 开发者和用户来说成为了与以太坊有吸引力的替代选择。
然而,Solana 生态系统面临着来自 Avalanche 和 Fantom 等其他 L1 区块链的真正竞争,以及来自以太坊蓬勃发展的 L2 解决方案(如 Arbitrum、Optimism 和 Polygon zkEVM)的竞争。此外,Solana 迄今为止也面临着重大挑战,如 FTX 的崩溃(FTX 是许多早期 Solana 应用的主要利益相关者)、周期性的网络中断以及监管机构最近将 SOL 指定为未注册证券带来的不良影响。
尽管如此,Solana 仍然是加密经济体中最受欢迎的 DeFi 和 NFT 链之一,其原生代币 SOL 仍然是目前市值排名前 15 的加密货币之一。虽然网络目前在处理自身事务执行、安全性和数据可用性需求方面是单一的,但如果基于 Solana 的 L2 开始受到关注,随着时间的推移,它可能会变得越来越模块化。
Solana 的工作原理
Solana 是一种使用独特共识机制的区块链,称为 Proof-of-History(PoH),它是 Proof-of-Stake(PoS)的一种变体。
PoH 通过为每个交易分配一个时间戳来优化交易过程,使得 Solana 能够按照交易的到达顺序处理它们,而不是将它们组织成区块。这种共识方式与区块链的塔式拜占庭容错(BFT)算法相结合,创造了安全性、效率和速度的融合。
与以太坊使用以太坊虚拟机(EVM)执行“智能合约”的方式不同,Solana 采用了一种执行“程序”的不同模型。这些程序是用 Rust 编程语言编写的,并编译为 WebAssembly 字节码格式(WASM),使 Solana 能够实现高性能和并行处理能力。这种独特的智能合约方法有助于实现 Solana 闻名的高交易吞吐量和低延迟。
此外,尽管以太坊钱包主要支持 ERC20 代币和基于以太坊的应用程序,但 Solana 钱包(如 Phantom)专为 Solana Program Library(SPL)代币和基于 Solana 的应用程序设计。然而,目前还有一些项目(如 Neon Labs)正在努力使 Solana 网络具备 EVM 兼容性,以便基于以太坊的交易可以直接在这个可替代的 L1 上进行。
截至 2023 年 6 月 30 日,根据 DefiLlama 的数据,Solana DeFi 生态系统中锁定的总价值(TVL)相当于约 2.66 亿美元。与 Solana 上一次的 TVL 峰值约 100 亿美元相比,当前的 TVL 规模要小得多,但在撰写本文时,它仍使该网络成为第 11 大 DeFi 网络。

Solana


此外,目前 Solana 在加密经济体中的 NFT 领域也相当活跃,尽管与以太坊相比,Solana 的 NFT 生态系统在活动和广度上显然要小得多。

Solana


代币:SOL
SOL 是 Solana 的原生代币,在该网络的生态系统中用于多种目的,例如支付交易手续费、参与 Solana 权益质押,并作为 DeFi 应用程序的交换媒介。

Solana


SOL 的交易价格约为 19.34 美元,市值达到 77.3 亿美元。这使其成为加密经济体中排名第 11 的加密货币。当时,SOL 的流通供应量略超过 4 亿枚,总供应量超过 5.51 亿枚,且随着质押奖励的增加而稳步增长。
在 Solana 上可以做什么
在 Solana 上可以进行以下操作:
通过 Marinade Finance 进行流动性质押 SOL

Solana


作为目前 Solana 上最大的应用程序,Marinade Finance 是一个建立在 Solana 网络上的流动性质押协议,使用户能够使用自动化策略来进行 SOL 代币的质押。通过在 Marinade 上进行质押,用户将获得"staked SOL"代币(mSOL),可以在 DeFi 中使用或随时解除质押并兑换回 SOL。作为非托管和无权限的协议,Marinade 确保用户始终拥有和访问他们的代币。
流动性质押是传统质押的一种替代方式,允许用户质押任意数量的 SOL,并且无需等待 1-3 天的典型质押预热或冷却期。通过 Marinade,质押和解除质押 SOL 可以立即完成,消除了传统质押方法所需的等待时间。然而,立即取消质押会产生 0.3% 至 9% 的费用。用户还可以选择延迟取消质押,无需支付任何费用,但他们必须等待 1-2 个周期才能取回他们的 SOL 和累积奖励。
在 Raydium 上交易 Solana 代币

Solana


Raydium 是一个建立在 Solana 上的去中心化交易所(DEX),提供快速交易和流动性挖矿。用户可以利用 Raydium 的交易界面通过流动性池交换 SOL 和 SPL 代币,或者使用限价订单进行更高级的交易。此外,该平台还提供多种赚取 RAY 代币的机会,比如向交易池提供流动性或进行质押,使 Raydium 成为那些想在 Solana 上开始 DeFi 之旅的用户的有吸引力的选择。
在 Magic Eden 上交易 NFT

Solana


Magic Eden 已成为 Solana 上领先的 NFT 市场,拥有超过 8,000 个上架的 NFT 系列,为用户提供一个一站式平台来发现和交易 Solana NFT。除了核心的二级市场外,该平台还提供独家铸造项目的 Launchpad 服务,并与 NFT 品牌进行合作。用户还可以通过 Eden Games 探索 NFT 游戏,该游戏专注于支持游戏创作者及其社区。
其他 Solana 应用程序
如果您有兴趣进一步探索 Solana 应用生态系统提供的更多内容,以下应用程序代表了 Solana 上一些最受欢迎的项目。这些项目提供了丰富多样的功能和使用案例,可以帮助您更深入地了解 Solana 的潜力和应用场景:

  • Lido — 流动性质押 | 5400 万美元 TVL;
  • Orca — 去中心化交易所(DEX) | 3600 万美元 TVL;
  • Solend — 借贷 | 3700 万美元 TVL;
  • Atrix — 去中心化交易所(DEX) | 1500 万美元 TVL;
  • Francium — 杠杆收益农场 | 1200 万美元 TVL。

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