【研报精选】下跌的原因找到了?中金:美联储下半年或继续加息

投研第一线2023-06-15 tarihinde yayınlandı2026-06-04 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

美联储6月会议按兵不动,符合预期。这次会议最大的变化在于点阵图大幅上调,美联储预期年内再加息两次,这超出了市场预期。我们认为上调加息指引源于美国经济的韧性和通胀的粘性,特别是核心通胀尽显顽固,迫使美联储倾向抬高利率。但美联储又不想加息太快,因此选择“稳中求进”,在6月暂不加息。综合来看,我们认为美联储或有较强的意愿继续加息,如果接下来数据够“稳”,美联储就会倾向于“进”。从另一个角度看,如果紧信用力度不够,紧货币就需要做的更多。

美联储6月会议按兵不动,符合预期。这次会议最大的变化在于点阵图大幅上调,美联储预期年内再加息两次,这超出了市场预期。我们认为上调加息指引源于美国经济的韧性和通胀的粘性,特别是核心通胀尽显顽固,迫使美联储倾向抬高利率。但美联储又不想加息太快,因此选择“稳中求进”,在6月暂不加息。综合来看,我们认为美联储或有较强的意愿继续加息,如果接下来数据够“稳”,美联储就会倾向于“进”。从另一个角度看,如果紧信用力度不够,紧货币就需要做的更多。

6月会议最大的变化在于点阵图大幅上调,美联储给出下半年再加息两次的指引。

最新的点阵图显示,美联储官员对2023年底的联邦基金利率中值的预测从3月的5.1%抬升至5.6%,预示下半年或还有两次25个基点的加息,这种鹰派的态度超出了市场的预期。进一步看,点阵图的上调并非仅仅来自于少数鹰派官员,而是有广泛共识的支撑。在18名官员中,有多达12位官员支持年内至少再加息两次至5.5%以上,其中还有3位官员预测加息三次至5.75%以上。

为何大幅上调加息指引?原因在于美国经济的韧性和通胀的粘性。

正如我们在此前报告中所述,年初以来美国经济表现好于预期,核心通胀显示出较强的顽固性(请参考报告《美国核心通胀尽显顽固》)。对此,美联储在本次经济预测中上调了对经济增长的预测,且上调幅度比较大,对2023年四季度实际GDP同比增速的预测从3月的0.4%上调至1.0%,显示对于衰退的担忧下降。通胀方面,美联储虽小幅压降了对年底PCE通胀的预测至3.2%(前值3.3%),但上调了对核心PCE通胀的预测至3.9%(前值3.6%)。值得注意的是,美联储的预测是把再加息两次考虑在内的,我们认为这是一个比较强的假设,或表明美联储有较强的意愿继续加息。

既然如此,为何不在这次会议上加息?

一个解释是美联储有意放慢加息的速度。鲍威尔在讲话中提到,美联储的货币紧缩分为三个维度——加息的速度、高度与利率在高位停留的时间长度[1]。随着加息的作用在房地产、银行等利率敏感部门中显现,美联储不需要再像去年那样快速、大踏步加息,本次6月会议上“跳过”加息,正是为了把加息的速度降下来,这样也有利于降低金融风险。但鲍威尔也在会上强调,加息的速度与高度是两码事,放缓加息不代表不再加息,而是为了看的更清楚,从而做出更精准的决策[2]。

综合来看,我们认为美联储在7月继续加息的概率较大。

美联储下次会议是在7月25-26日,从现在到下次会议期间将公布6月的非农和CPI数据,只要这两组数据中有一组表现较好,且没有出现更多的金融风险,或就能支持美联储在7月继续加息。其实按照美联储今天给出的预测,6月就已经具备了加息的条件,之所以放弃这次加息的窗口期,就是为了“稳中求进”。因此,我们预计只要数据不差,美联储还是可能会倾向于“进”,在下半年继续加息。

我们还可以从另一个角度看待上调加息指引:紧信用与紧货币的替代关系。

美联储货币紧缩的一个传导机制是通过紧货币(加息)引起紧信用(金融条件紧缩),进而抑制经济总需求,降低通胀。去年下半年以来,尽管美联储大幅加息,但广泛的金融条件仍然宽松,加息对经济特别是消费支出的抑制作用尚不明显。今年上半年硅谷银行等三家银行破产倒闭,本来会引发市场自发紧信用,但由于美联储迅速出手“兜底”,金融条件也没有进一步收紧。如果紧信用力度不够,紧货币就可能需要做的更多。这也解释了美联储为何需要把政策利率提高至更高水平,利率在高位停留的时间也将更久(high for longer)。

图表1:美联储6月利率点阵图

资料来源:美联储,中金公司研究部

图表2:美联储对经济指标的预测(2023年6月)

资料来源:美联储,中金公司研究部

图表3:美联储货币政策声明对比 (6月 vs 5月)

资料来源:美联储,中金公司研究部

İlgili Okumalar

A Nation Blocks Chips, a Giant Buys a Nuclear Power Plant: Why It's Time to Seriously Consider DeAI

**Title: Great Powers Blockade Chips, Giants Buy Nuclear Plants: Why It's Time to Seriously Consider DeAI** In May 2026, the US closed loopholes for Chinese firms to acquire advanced NVIDIA chips via overseas subsidiaries. That same month, Kenya halted a $1B geothermal data center project involving Microsoft, fearing its immense energy consumption. Meanwhile, Huawei announced mass production of its Ascend AI chip. These disparate events underscore a new reality: the competition for computing power ("compute") has escalated beyond the tech industry, becoming a geopolitical and infrastructural battleground. A new era of oligopoly is forming, with control over the AI stack—from GPU chips (NVIDIA) and cloud platforms (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) to foundational models (OpenAI, Anthropic)—concentrating in a few Western "AI Octopus" corporations. This centralization creates systemic risks: pricing power and platform lock-in for users, infrastructure fragility, and a widening "compute divide" that threatens to marginalize nations without independent AI capacity. An "AI Iron Curtain" is deepening through export controls. In response, some nations like Saudi Arabia and the UAE are investing heavily to buy compute power, aiming to transition from oil to AI economies. The EU seeks to triple its compute capacity by 2030 to reduce dependency. However, the spending gap is vast, with four US tech giants alone planning ~$750B in AI capex for 2026. The race is increasingly constrained by energy, with AI tasks consuming up to 1000x more power than web searches, pushing firms to even acquire nuclear plants. This landscape is fueling interest in Decentralized AI (DeAI). It proposes a third way: using open protocols to coordinate a global network of idle GPUs, independent developers, and data centers, creating an AI infrastructure without a single controlling entity. Leveraging blockchain and cryptographic verification, DeAI aims to break market concentration, disperse energy demands, reduce geopolitical dependencies, and enhance transparency. While still nascent in performance and stability, DeAI's core promise is not immediate superiority but providing a crucial alternative architecture to resist monopoly, censorship, and centralized power. As specialized AI hardware costs fall and open-source models flourish, the window to build this foundation is open. The very existence of such competition serves as a vital check against the inevitable abuse of concentrated power.

marsbit40 dk önce

A Nation Blocks Chips, a Giant Buys a Nuclear Power Plant: Why It's Time to Seriously Consider DeAI

marsbit40 dk önce

Outpoll Review: A Prediction Market Platform Built for Active Traders

Outpoll Review: A Prediction Market Platform Built for Active Traders In recent years, prediction markets have grown from a niche sector to a mainstream arena, attracting billions in trading volume and institutional capital. However, the user experience and tools for traders have not kept pace. Outpoll, a new global prediction market platform, aims to fill this gap by providing enhanced trading infrastructure for active and professional traders. Built on standard prediction market principles, Outpoll allows users to trade on the outcome of specific events. It uses fully collateralized contracts with USDC settlement, charges a competitive 0.1% fee per trade, and provides clear settlement rules upfront to minimize disputes. A key focus for Outpoll is its professional-grade trading tools. The platform supports limit and market orders, as well as take-profit and stop-loss orders for open positions—features uncommon in prediction markets. For automated trading, Outpoll offers comprehensive REST and WebSocket APIs, enabling portfolio management, price arbitrage, and integration with existing tools. The platform also features a creator-led market model, where approved experts and community leaders can create and manage markets for niche topics under platform supervision. Its integrated interface combines news feeds directly with trading functions, allowing users to monitor events and manage positions seamlessly. Outpoll launched with a native Android app (available on Google Play) and plans an iOS version later this year. In summary, Outpoll distinguishes itself with trader-focused tools, practical APIs, transparent and collateralized markets, integrated news, and an expanding creator program. For active traders, its advanced order types and API access alone make it a platform worth watching. Outpoll is now globally accessible via outpoll.com and Google Play.

marsbit48 dk önce

Outpoll Review: A Prediction Market Platform Built for Active Traders

marsbit48 dk önce

Bitwise: Crypto Becomes a Contrarian Investment, Three Logics to Understand the Current Market

**Summary** Matt Hougan, Bitwise's CIO, analyzes the current crypto market through three key lenses, arguing it has shifted from a momentum-driven to a contrarian investment. **1) Crypto Becomes a Contrarian Play:** The market is weak, with major assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum down significantly. Capital has moved to hot sectors like AI, leaving crypto as an "unloved" asset class. This transforms crypto investing from trend-following to a test of patience and fundamental analysis. Investors now favor projects with solid fundamentals (e.g., Hyperliquid) over speculative ones. **2) Regulatory Overhang:** The uncertain fate of the U.S. CLARITY Act, a major crypto regulatory framework, is a key headwind. With its passage in 2024 seen as far from guaranteed (estimates range from 30-55%), institutional capital remains on the sidelines, choosing less risky alternatives like AI stocks. The market needs clarity—whether the bill passes or fails—more than any specific outcome to move decisively. **3) Capital Rotates to New Fundamentals:** This cycle differs from past bear markets where money fled to Bitcoin. Now, capital seeks smaller assets with strong use cases. While major cryptos fell in May 2024, tokens like Hyperliquid (+72%), Zcash (+50%), and XLM (+44%) rallied on their specific fundamentals. This rotation confirms the new contrarian, fundamentals-driven logic and signals the bear market may be in its later stages. **Conclusion:** Short-term pressure persists due to regulatory uncertainty and competition from AI narratives. Investing in crypto now requires a contrarian mindset—acting against the crowd and focusing on fundamental value. Patience and targeting high-quality projects based on their merits are essential for capturing long-term gains.

marsbit1 saat önce

Bitwise: Crypto Becomes a Contrarian Investment, Three Logics to Understand the Current Market

marsbit1 saat önce

ChatGPT Might Be Disappearing Soon

OpenAI announced at its "Intelligence at Work" event that its coding assistant, Codex, will be fully integrated into the ChatGPT app within weeks. This move marks a strategic shift from a conversational AI (Chat) towards a unified "agentic" platform capable of execution. Codex, originally launched to compete with Anthropic's Claude Code, has grown rapidly to 5 million weekly active users, with 20% being non-developers like analysts and designers. Its enterprise revenue now constitutes 40% of OpenAI's total. The integration is the first step in creating a super-app combining ChatGPT (interface), Codex (execution engine), and the Atlas browser (web access). OpenAI also unveiled new Codex features: specialized Agent plugins for six professional roles, an "Annotations" tool for direct document editing, and a "Sites" function to turn work into shareable web apps. Internally, this reflects a power shift; the Codex team now leads core product strategy. While the ChatGPT brand remains for its vast user base, the platform's future is focused on autonomous agents that perform tasks, not just chat. The article notes that competition with Claude Code pushed OpenAI's development, with Codex competing on cost-effectiveness and accessibility rather than raw coding quality. It concludes that the essence of "ChatGPT" is evolving from a chatbot into an AI agent platform, with the name potentially becoming a legacy symbol of its original function.

marsbit1 saat önce

ChatGPT Might Be Disappearing Soon

marsbit1 saat önce

İşlemler

Spot
Futures
活动图片