BlockBeats News, July 6th - Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin released a new research article titled "The Extremely Lean Chain," proposing a design to significantly simplify the Ethereum consensus layer. Through the use of a single slot finality, recursive STARK proofs, post-quantum secure aggregated signatures, and other "Lean" upgrades, Buterin aims to drastically reduce the state storage requirements of the consensus chain. More state management will be shifted to validators through zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs. Buterin believes that this proposal can eliminate the current beacon chain's complex periodic state processing, significantly reduce system overhead, enable Ethereum to scale to millions of validators in the future, and enhance validator anonymity.According to the design, validators will no longer need to store a large amount of information such as public keys, withdrawal credentials, activation, and exits on-chain. Instead, they will only retain essential states like effective balances and public key indices. The rest of the data will be submitted for validation periodically through STARK proofs. The proposal also introduces mechanisms such as daily balance update proofs, ZK-STARK privacy protection, daily validator identity reshuffling, and more. These measures aim to improve network scalability while further enhancing privacy and censorship resistance. By adopting an approximately one-day proof generation cycle, Buterin claims that this scheme can complete proof generation on ordinary hardware and reduce on-chain burdens through proof aggregation. This provides a new technical path for the long-term scalability of the Ethereum consensus layer.
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