获利1500万成本仅数千元,套利者竟比黑客还赚钱,身份可疑?

白话区块链Publicado em 2022-12-13Última atualização em 2022-12-13

Resumo

12 月 2 日,加密基础设施提供「Ankr」的 aBNBc Token(BNB 封装资产)合约因存在无限铸造Token漏洞而被攻击,攻击者铸造了大量 aBNBc Token后卖出,导致 aBNBc 价格几近归零,很多用户都没有及时获知消息从而止损。

12 月 2 日,加密基础设施提供「Ankr」的 aBNBc Token(BNB 封装资产)合约因存在无限铸造Token漏洞而被攻击,攻击者铸造了大量 aBNBc Token后卖出,导致 aBNBc 价格几近归零,很多用户都没有及时获知消息从而止损。

与此同时,更有敏锐度高的黑客第一时间进行套利,利用 10 BNB 兑换 aBNBc,通过借代协议 Helio 套利超 1550 万美元。

01

Ankr 攻击事件复盘

如果复盘此次 Ankr 攻击事件,会发现其中大幅获利的主要分为两个角色:

一是最直接地就是黑客直接利用合约漏洞,凭空铸造大量 aBNBc 并砸盘获利;

二是有嗅觉敏锐的链上用户趁 aBNBc 二级市场价格剧烈波动,利用预言机喂价不及时的 Bug 在借代协议抵押套利(也不排是攻击者本人所为)。

首先,Ankr 或因部署密钥丢失,导致被攻击者抓住合约漏洞,凭空铸造出 10 万亿枚 aBNBc。

然后攻击者将 aBNBc 通过 PancakeSwap 兑换为 500 万枚 USDC ,导致交易池几乎被掏空,aBNBc 被砸到接近归零,随后攻击者将资产跨到以太坊,并转入 Tornado Cash。

与此同时,黑客铸造Token之后的约半小时,aBNBc 暴跌,产生了套利机会——套利者利用借代协议 Helio 的预言机喂价是采用 6 小时平均加时权重的设置,利用 aBNBc 在市场上和在 Helio 系统中的价差将其换成 hBNB,并将 hBNB 质押换出稳定币 HAY ,并将其换成 BNB 和 USDC。

套利者此举总共套出超过 1500 万美元等值的稳定币和 BNB,基本掏空 hay 的交易对池子,随后将套出的 BUSD 和 BNB 转入Binance。

从这个角度看,攻击者获利的原因是 Ankr 的 aBNBc 智能合约自身存在漏洞,而套利者获利的原因则是 Helio 协议显然存在预言机喂价问题,其嗅觉敏锐第一时间抓住了这个套利机会。

而且套利者(1700 万美元)明显比直接的攻击(500 万美元)获利更丰,所以推特用户 rick awsb 复盘时也表示,攻击者如果直接用套利的方式,先套 hay 的利,再卖 aBNBc,则可以至少多赚 1500 万美元,当然,如果黑客和套利者是同一人,则可以解释这个疑问。

02

DeFi 世界的「预言机攻击」

其实这种「预言机攻击」导致的 DeFi 损失,在 2020 年就已经屡见不鲜,其中最早的典型按理应该可以追溯到 bZx 协议(现已更名为 Ooki)。

2020 年 2 月 15 日,某位攻击者也是利用 bZx 的借代等功能,在一个以太坊区块时间内(不足 15 秒),充分利用 DeFi 乐高——5 个 DeFi 产品之间(dydx、Compound、bZx、Uniswap、kyber)互相的合约调用,在未曾动用自有资金的前提下,一环紧套一环,最终通过在漏洞间操纵价格,成功套利上千枚以太坊。

而整个过程完整发生在 2020 年 2 月 15 日以太坊区块高度 9484688 期间,堪称经典:

1. 攻击者先通过闪电贷(Flashloan)从 dYdX 上无抵押贷款了 1 万枚 ETH;

2. 然后攻击者将其中 5500 个ETH在 Compound 上做抵押,借出了 112 枚 WBTC(以太坊链上的比特币封装资产);

3. 同时攻击者将另 1300 枚 ETH 存入 bZx,发起 bZx 保证金交易,5 倍做空 ETH 的永续空单(ETH/wBTC)——借入 5637.6个ETH,通过 Kyber 的 Uniswap 储备库,兑换获得 51.3 枚 WBTC;

4. 由于 Uniswap 内 WBTC 深度相对太浅,导致产生极大的滑点,Uniswap 内 WBTC 价格暴涨 3 倍,大幅偏离正常值;

5. 然后将第 2 步中借出的 112 枚 WBTC 在 Uniswap 中以大幅偏离正常值的价格集中出售,获得 6871.4 枚ETH;

6. 最终 6871.4 枚 ETH+3200 ETH(从未动用)=10000 ETH(归还 dYdX 贷款)+71.4 ETH(落袋为安),而且由于wBTC在第5步中被打低,所以攻击者用大约 4300 枚ETH便可兑换 112 枚wBTC还清第 2 步的5500ETH抵押,从而再净获利 1200 枚 ETH;

最终获利 71.4 ETH + 1200 ETH = 1271.4 枚ETH。

总的来看,套路是一致的,都是针对预言机进行攻击,从而利用其它 DeFi 协议依赖预言机喂价的漏洞进行套利:

攻击者通过操控 Kyber 和 Uniswap 上 WBTC/ ETH 的价格,利用了 bZx 中单一依赖 Uniswap 上的价格进行喂价的漏洞,从而可以以偏离正常值的 3 倍虚高价格卖出 WBTC 以获利。

某种意义上,如果黑客通过钓鱼、撞库等手段来从CEX盗取资产,算是不义之财,那类似地通过 DeFi 的规则来套利,就堪称明火执仗地赚钱,手段高明但无可置喙。

03

赚麻的「套利者」们

其实回顾今年上半年的 LUNA/UST 归零之路也是如此,每次发生这种攻击或市场价格剧烈之际,总有反应迟钝的链上用户往往通过媒体、Discord 等获取二手、滞后的信息,从而蒙受损失。

当然也总有反应迅速的用户能够第一时间获悉,然后针对喂价不及时等预言机漏洞进行套利,导致一批借代、DEX 等 DeFi 协议损失惨重,从而大赚。

Venus 损失 1420 万美元

今年 5 月 12 日,在 LUNA/UST 进入负螺旋之际,Chainlink 对 LUNA 的价格反馈达到价格下限,并被其以 0.107 美元的价格暂停。

但与此同时,BNB 上借代协议 Venus 的 LUNA 市场却在继续运行,且其关于 LUNA 的喂价正是来自于 Chainlink,这就导致了一个明显的逻辑漏洞:

LUNA 现货价格继续下跌,但 Venus 由于采用 Chainlink 的喂价,却仍允许用户按照 LUNA 价格为 0.107 美元的默认情况进行抵押借代。

直到 4 小时后,现货价格约为 0.01 美元时,团队才发现问题并暂停协议,但此间已有用户通过「预言机攻击」进行借代,导致资金损失缺口约 1420 万美元。

Drift Protoco 损失 1040 万美元

同样是 5 月 12 日,受 LUNA 价格剧烈波动影响,Solana 生态永续合约协议 Drift Protoco 的预言机喂价也未能及时跟进二级市场价格的变化,导致用户能够从抵押品库和金库中以远低于正常价值的抵押品,提取比他们有权获得的更多的资金,从而造成 1040 万美元的损失。

04

小结

仔细复盘会发现,敏锐度高的用户足以在最开始的第一时间到第一波并迅速获利了结,进一步验证了在 Web3 里敏感度和执行力就是获利的基本要素。

所以即便做不了技术含量更高的黑客,如果能在信息繁杂的 Web3 中时刻保持敏锐的嗅觉与果断的执行力,对 DeFi 的基本原理熟稔于心,高效快速地获知类似一闪而过的危机,也未尝不能在 Web3 世界在寻找到类似的机遇。

当然套利者有时候也会面临被平台锁定等风险,不排除白忙活一场甚至赔本的可能。

Criptomoedas em alta

Leituras Relacionadas

GPT-5.6 Countdown: Abandon the Illusion of a Single API, Computational Iteration Can't Outpace a Single Page of Compliance

In mid-June, three seemingly independent industry events—the compliance-driven throttling of Fable 5, the open-sourcing of GLM-5.2, and the leaked release timeline for GPT-5.6—are pushing the global AI industry toward a watershed moment. These shifts signal a fundamental restructuring of the industry's underlying logic. First, **"usability" has substantially overtaken "advanced capabilities"** as the primary weight, pushing the global large language model (LLM) supply chain into a "dual-track" phase of controlled closed-source and local open-source coexistence. Second, **the competitive moats of closed-source giants are shifting**. Their technical focus is moving from "language intelligence" toward "spatial intelligence (world models)"—a domain heavily reliant on computing power. Third, faced with常态化 transnational compliance risks, **a "model-agnostic" decoupled design has become a survival necessity for application-layer developers to maintain business continuity.** The article details how Anthropic's Fable 5, despite its advanced engineering feats, was restricted for non-U.S. citizens within 72 hours of launch, highlighting how geopolitical compliance can instantly limit even the most advanced models. In response, the open-source camp, exemplified by Zhipu AI's MIT-licensed GLM-5.2, is gaining market share by offering stable performance improvements and significant cost advantages (up to 70% savings for enterprises), while achieving full adaptation with domestic semiconductor platforms. Meanwhile, closed-source leaders like OpenAI are pivoting. The anticipated GPT-5.6 reportedly shifts focus from language to spatial intelligence and world models, aiming to rebuild a generational gap in areas like 3D understanding, simulation, and industrial design that demand immense compute. The core conclusion is that the LLM supply chain's logic has changed. Enterprises must now evaluate infrastructure based on a composite of technical performance and policy compliance. For developers, complete reliance on a single closed-source API poses unacceptable risk. Implementing a truly model-agnostic architecture—enabling swift switches to compliant, locally deployable open-source alternatives—is no longer just good practice but a fundamental baseline for business continuity.

marsbitHá 59m

GPT-5.6 Countdown: Abandon the Illusion of a Single API, Computational Iteration Can't Outpace a Single Page of Compliance

marsbitHá 59m

Is the 'Token Subsidy War' Among AI Giants Almost Over?

The article discusses the ongoing "token subsidy war" among AI giants like OpenAI and Anthropic, questioning whether it's nearing its end. It reveals that current AI subscription prices are heavily subsidized, with some plans offering tokens at up to 70 times the actual cost to attract and retain heavy users, especially developers and enterprises. This strategy mirrors past internet-era subsidy battles, but with a key difference: AI tokens lack "lock-in" effects. Unlike ride-hailing or food delivery apps, users can easily switch between AI providers as APIs become standardized, making it difficult for companies to raise prices post-subsidy. The piece highlights a structural asymmetry in the competition. Giants like Google, with massive advertising revenue, can afford to subsidize tokens indefinitely, akin to using "tokens as a weapon." In contrast, venture-backed companies like OpenAI and Anthropic face pressure to become profitable, especially as they approach IPO. The article cites Google Ventures founder Bill Maris, who suggests Google could slash token prices by 80%, putting immense pressure on competitors. Two potential endgames are presented: the "internet service" model (subsidize, monopolize, then raise prices) and the "utility" model (tokens become a standardized, low-margin commodity like electricity). Given the low switching costs, the latter seems more likely. The competition may not have a single winner but could instead accelerate AI's evolution into a foundational, infrastructure-level technology, akin to a public utility. For now, users continue to benefit from heavily subsidized token costs.

marsbitHá 1h

Is the 'Token Subsidy War' Among AI Giants Almost Over?

marsbitHá 1h

Beyond the Stadium: The Profitable Games Surrounding the World Cup

"Beyond the Pitch: The Profit Game Around the World Cup" The FIFA World Cup transcends being a sporting spectacle, evolving into a massive global arena for speculation and profit-seeking. The 2026 tournament has amplified this dynamic, creating a multi-layered ecosystem of financial opportunism alongside the football. **Prediction markets** have surged into the mainstream. Platforms like Polymarket and Kalshi saw trading volumes for World Cup contracts soar, attracting new users with their financial trading model and high-profile, chain-based wealth stories that overshadow traditional sports betting in terms of growth and narrative. However, **traditional sportsbooks** remain the dominant force, leveraging established user habits, legal markets, and comprehensive product offerings to handle the vast majority of speculative wagers, with projections suggesting record-breaking betting volumes. Capital markets also react. **"Concept stocks"** in countries like South Korea and Japan experience volatile price swings based on team performance and anticipated fan spending on items like chicken, beer, and viewing parties, effectively becoming a stock market reflecting fan sentiment. The **ticket resale market** has become a sophisticated arena for arbitrage. Prices fluctuate wildly based on team draws and star power, with sellers sometimes listing tickets they don't yet own in a practice akin to short-selling, while FIFA's own "Right to Buy" tokens add another layer of speculative trading. **Collectibles and merchandise** offer another avenue. Panini sticker albums, with their inherent scarcity and nostalgic value, can become high-value collectibles. Limited-edition or locally themed jerseys command significant premiums on secondary markets, and even counterfeit vendors profit from fans' desire for affordable match-day identity. The **cryptocurrency** space has seen a frenzy of speculative, unauthorized World Cup-themed meme coins on chains like Solana. These tokens, often exploiting team names and player imagery, experience extreme pump-and-dump cycles, creating stories of massive gains for a few early entrants and steep losses for many others. Finally, an entire industry thrives on **providing information and tools** to other speculators. Developers create platforms like SeatSidekick to track ticket inventory and prices, while paid Telegram groups and subscriptions sell betting tips and predictions, monetizing the widespread desire for an informational edge. In essence, the World Cup has become a compressed, global laboratory for speculation. While the games determine champions on the field, a parallel, complex network of financial transactions—spanning prediction contracts, bets, stocks, tickets, collectibles, crypto, and information services—settles its own scores in the global market.

marsbitHá 1h

Beyond the Stadium: The Profitable Games Surrounding the World Cup

marsbitHá 1h

How Does Codex Use a Computer? Three Entry Points and Permission Boundaries

This article explains the three primary methods for Codex to interact with a computer, each with distinct use cases, permission boundaries, and trust levels. **1. Computer Use:** This offers the broadest access, allowing Codex to visually control and interact with the graphical user interface of authorized macOS/Windows apps, system settings, and even iOS simulators. It's ideal for tasks lacking APIs or structured tools, such as operating legacy software or multi-app workflows. However, it's the slowest method and has the widest permission scope, requiring careful supervision for sensitive actions. **2. Chrome Extension:** This grants Codex access to the user's logged-in Chrome browser state, including cookies, profiles, and open tabs. It's best for tasks requiring user identity across websites like Gmail, LinkedIn, Salesforce, or internal dashboards. Its key advantage is multi-tab control for complex workflows. While more powerful for browser-based tasks than Computer Use, it carries higher sensitivity as actions are performed under the user's identity. **3. In-App Browser:** This is a browser isolated within the Codex thread, separate from the user's personal browsing data. It excels in web development and debugging scenarios—previewing local servers, testing responsive layouts, or annotating designs directly on the page. Its isolation is a strength for development but a limitation for tasks requiring login sessions. The core principle is to choose the narrowest, safest, and most structured interface for the task. Use plugins or MCPs first, resort to visual control (Computer Use) only for GUI-dependent tasks, employ the Chrome extension for identity-reliant browser work, and prefer the In-App Browser for isolated development. **Appshots** are clarified as a fourth, complementary tool for *inputting* context—capturing a screenshot of a window to point Codex to something—rather than a method for Codex to *act*. Together, this layered approach highlights a key to AI agent productization: not granting unlimited permissions, but constraining them within clear boundaries for specific tasks while preserving user oversight.

marsbitHá 3h

How Does Codex Use a Computer? Three Entry Points and Permission Boundaries

marsbitHá 3h

Trading

Spot
Futuros

Artigos em Destaque

Como comprar UNI

Bem-vindo à HTX.com!Tornámos a compra de Uniswap (UNI) simples e conveniente.Segue o nosso guia passo a passo para iniciar a tua jornada no mundo das criptos.Passo 1: cria a tua conta HTXUtiliza o teu e-mail ou número de telefone para te inscreveres numa conta gratuita na HTX.Desfruta de um processo de inscrição sem complicações e desbloqueia todas as funcionalidades.Obter a minha contaPasso 2: vai para Comprar Cripto e escolhe o teu método de pagamentoCartão de crédito/débito: usa o teu visa ou mastercard para comprar Uniswap (UNI) instantaneamente.Saldo: usa os fundos da tua conta HTX para transacionar sem problemas.Terceiros: adicionamos métodos de pagamento populares, como Google Pay e Apple Pay, para aumentar a conveniência.P2P: transaciona diretamente com outros utilizadores na HTX.Mercado de balcão (OTC): oferecemos serviços personalizados e taxas de câmbio competitivas para os traders.Passo 3: armazena teu Uniswap (UNI)Depois de comprar o teu Uniswap (UNI), armazena-o na tua conta HTX.Alternativamente, podes enviá-lo para outro lugar através de transferência blockchain ou usá-lo para transacionar outras criptomoedas.Passo 4: transaciona Uniswap (UNI)Transaciona facilmente Uniswap (UNI) no mercado à vista da HTX.Acede simplesmente à tua conta, seleciona o teu par de trading, executa as tuas transações e monitoriza em tempo real.Oferecemos uma experiência de fácil utilização tanto para principiantes como para traders experientes.

474 Visualizações TotaisPublicado em {updateTime}Atualizado em 2026.06.02

Como comprar UNI

Discussões

Bem-vindo à Comunidade HTX. Aqui, pode manter-se informado sobre os mais recentes desenvolvimentos da plataforma e obter acesso a análises profissionais de mercado. As opiniões dos utilizadores sobre o preço de UNI (UNI) são apresentadas abaixo.

活动图片