Magic Eden与Metaplex开撕，谁才是Solana上NFT版税话事人？

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2022-12-11Última atualização em 2022-12-11

Resumo

FTX 破产让 Solana 生态备受打击，NFT 市场也不安宁。

NFT版税之争已愈演愈烈，不仅是以太坊，关于是否强制执行 NFT 创作者版税的问题现在也蔓延到了本就问题重重的 Solana 区块链，该领域主要参与者 Metaplex 和 Magic Eden 之间长期酝酿的纷争终于曝光并延烧到了社交媒体上。

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12 月 9 日，Solana 链上 NFT 标准创建者 Metaplex 在 Twitter 发文称，头部 NFT 市场 Magic Eden 正在领导一场「具有协调性的压力运动」且试图控制其创建的链上 NFT 标准。如果 Magic Eden 可能给设置代币参数和功能，那么 Solana 链上 NFT 将具有不同意其他类似代币的独特功能。作为 Solana 链上 NFT 标准的创建方，Metaplex 编写了几乎所有相关代码，这意味着他们几乎「控制」每一个 Solana 链上 NFT 的密钥。

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值得一提的是，Metaplex 在推文中还提到了一个人：核心开发人员 Jordan Prince，他在 Solana Labs 工作时开发最初的 Metaplex 协议，之后离职创立了 B+J Studios 公司并在今年九月成功募集 1000 万美元资金以支持 NFT 基础设施开发——Metaplex 认为，Jordan Prince 是 Magic Eden 的同谋。

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Metaplex vs. Magic Eden：「撕 * 大战」开始了

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Metaplex 一直是 Solana 链上 NFT 版税征收的支持者，而 Magic Eden 则希望实施「零版税」策略，今年 10 月，Magic Eden 就宣布不再严格执行 NFT 创作者版税设定权限，以在熊市期间吸引更多用户并且避免竞争对手迅速抢走市场份额。

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按照 Metaplex 在社交媒体的说法，他们在 Solana 区块链上一直扮演着创作者和艺术家「守门人」的角色，但 Magic Eden 更多地是从商业角度出发，希望将 NFT 版税标准从社区手中夺走并迫使用户接受「半生不熟」的治理计划。

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Magic Eden 迅速做出反击，表示 Metaplex「诬陷」其试图控制 Solana 链上 NFT 标准，而且矛头一转，指责 Metaplex 正在用其今年九月推出的 MPLX 治理代币来变相掌握对 Solana 链上 NFT 标准的控制权，也会给标准本身带来不当影响。Magic Eden 还表示，他们已经和 Solana 链上其他建设者向 Metaplex 提出意见：「Metaplex 持有『上帝模式』密钥，他们几乎可以为所欲为，他们的目标其实是为了维护其 MPLX 代币持有者的利益。」

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Metaplex 也不甘示弱，随即做出回应，声称将会发布新计划来「分散」对 Solana 链上 NFT 标准的控制权，但同时也强硬回怼 Magic Eden「不会随意安抚一个恶意行事的团体」。

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Metaplex vs. Magic Eden：双方矛盾由来已久

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这不是 Magic Eden 和 Metaplex 第一次就 Solana NFT 生态系统发展方向产生分歧了，只是现在双方的矛盾正以前所未有的方式蔓延到公众视野中。

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早在 8 月，一位接近 Metaplex 的消息人士透露，Metaplex 发现 Magic Eden 托管用户上线 NFT 的方法存在潜在安全风险，但 Magic Eden 拒绝了 Metaplex 的帮助，也不愿意公开其源代码。据悉，Magic Eden 构建 NFT 市场的源代码其实来自于早期 Metaplex 的代码，但做了大量修改且被封闭起来不予以公开。

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然而，让 Metaplex 和 Magic Eden 矛盾加剧的无疑是备受关注的二级市场 NFT 版税问题，NFT 创作者版税是一笔小额费用，通常在销售价格的 5% 到 10% 之间，由卖家通过相关市场自动支付给项目的原始创作者。在这个问题上，Magic Eden 和 Metaplex 看法相左，他们在今年 10 月宣布将在其平台上启用可选版税，允许 NFT 购买者选择全额版税、一半版税或无版税模式。

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Magic Eden 做出这一举措实属无奈，过去一年，Magic Eden 一直是 Solana 上最主要的 NFT 市场，市场份额一度占据 90% 以上，但随着 Hadeswap 和 Solanart 等竞争对手推出「零版税」策略之后，Magic Eden 的市场份额快速下跌， 11 月中旬已缩水至 77% ，Yawww 和 Hadeswap 也正在一步步蚕食其「蛋糕」。

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或许是因为 Magic Eden 「零版税」并没有得到 Metaplex 支持，他们决定另起炉灶， 11 月初 Magic Eden 联合创始人兼首席执行官 Jack Lu 宣布推出一种全新 Solana 链上 NFT 标准，该标准将在技术层面强制执行版税，执行此标准有望产生一种新的资产类别，可以为那些想要获得版税或新商业模式的人提供支持。上周，Magic Eden 又宣布从 12 月 2 日开始启动一项协议「Open Creator Protocol（OCP）」，将对所有选择使用该工具的新收藏品征收版税，创作者也可以选择是否要保护版税。

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就在 Magic Eden 踌躇满志的时候，Metaplex 杀了出来，「突然」宣布计划开发一种新的强制使用费 NFT 资产类别标准 MIP-1 ，该标准将于 2023 年 1 月推出。此举令 Jack Lu 异常愤怒，因为据他称，Magic Eden 的新版税工具在发布之前与 Metaplex 进行了分享，而 Metaplex 故意选择在 OCP 推出之后发布，可能会对有一些反制措施。

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结语

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FTX 破产让 Solana 生态备受打击，该网络以美元计价的 DeFi TVL 从 11 月 6 日的 10 亿美元下降至 2.783 亿美元，降幅高达 72.1% ；网络稳定币市值也从 39 亿美元缩水至 21 亿美元，降幅达到 46.1% 。

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现在，链上 NFT 市场也变得不安宁，或许会让 Solana 生态雪上加霜。Metaplex 和 Magic Eden 最终谁能控制链上 NFT 标准？让我们拭目以待吧。

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