Aptos 跨链交互:LayerZero、Wormhole 和 Mover三个跨链桥体验对比

链捕手Publicado em 2022-10-21Última atualização em 2022-10-21

Resumo

随着 Aptos 主网上线,空投暂时告一段落,其生态也开始进入崛起时期。

随着 Aptos 主网上线,空投暂时告一段落,其生态也开始进入崛起时期。作为一条「一切设计以资产为中心」的公链,Aptos 上的 DeFi 即将迎来大考。而作为 DeFi 的前哨和守门人,这两天也陆续开始有跨链协议正式支持 Aptos 网络,例如 LayerZero 和 Wormhole,两者使用体验如何?此外,本文也对暂未上线主网但热度颇高的 Aptos 原生跨链桥 Mover 做了详细介绍。

1、LayerZero & Aptos Bridge

官网:https://theaptosbridge.com/bridge

支持钱包:小狐狸、Coinbase 钱包;Aptos:Pontem、FewCha、Martian、Petra

现阶段支持的资产:USDC、USDT 和 ETH

现阶段可跨链网络:Etheruem、Arbitrum、Optimism、Avalanche、Polygon 和 BNB

LayerZero 和 Liquidswap DEX 合作推出的 Aptos Bridge 在现阶段更像是为 Aptos 定制的一个跨链桥,而不是集成在 Layerzero 的原生跨链桥 Stargate 协议里。LayerZero 相较于其他跨链桥的特色是实现不同链上原生资产的直接交易,但目前 Aptos Bridge 尚不支持包括 APT 在内的 Aptos 生态原生资产,为了将资产导入生态系统,新链依靠封装的资产来镜像其他链中的现有资产,但封装资产资产本身带有底层跨链桥的风险,所以,目前 Aptos Bridge 为了新链早期便利在安全性上有所妥协。

但 LayerZero 表示,随着 Aptos 原生资产被引入生态系统,LayerZero 将移交控制权或促进资产迁移到资产的原生版本,后期或许会和 LayerZero 的原生资产桥 Stargate 集成。

Aptos Bridge 最大的亮点就是,在进行第一笔交易时就可以获得一笔约为 0.005 APT 的 Gas 空投,来支持新用户的第一笔跨链交易。

需要同时连接小狐狸 / Coinbase 钱包和 Aptos 钱包,然后输入要跨链的资产之后,会在发起转账地址确认交易,这一步骤除了会收取 Gas 费之外,还会扣除 LayerZero 跨链合约交互的手续费,费用相对较高。

确认交易后,首次转账金额还需要在界面上方 Claim,资产才能从协议合约转到个人 Aptos 账户,后续同一资产再次转账则无需 Claim 就可以直接到账。

此外,LayerZero 为所有过桥交易启用了犯罪前预防措施,为了保证跨链安全,还将启用出境费率限制(每条路径每 24 小时出境 100 万美元)和出境交易的 3 天转移期,即从 Aptos 向其他网络转账大约需要 2-3 天才能到账,而向 Aptos 的入站转账没有速率限制,也没有转账延迟。

在与其他跨链协议对比的情况下做一个使用体验小结:

优点:界面简洁、易操作;新用户空投首笔 Gas 费,体验友好;牺牲效率为前提换来了相对安全。

缺点:合约跨链需要「合约交互」手续费,费用较高;目前转出到其他网络需要等待,效率较低;目前仅支持 USDC、USDT 和 ETH 资产,需求更大的 APT 跨链反而暂时不支持;部分流动性池可能缺乏深度。

当然,因为 Aptos 生态处于早期发展阶段,LayerZero 正在增加更多网络和资产。

2、Wormhole 的 Portal Bridge

官网:https://www.portalbridge.com/#/transfer

支持钱包:小狐狸、Wallet Connect、Solana 生态钱包、Near 生态钱包、Petra(Aptos)等

现阶段支持的资产:支持 Aptos 链上目前的资产(APT、ETH、USDC、USDT)

现阶段可跨链网络:Ethereum、Solana、Terra、BNB、Polygon、Avalanche、Oasis、Fantom、Karura、Celo、Acala、Aurora 和 Klaytn 等。

和 LayerZero 不同,因为是在协议内部集成 Aptos,所以和其他网络跨链一样,需要目的地网络账户有 Gas 费,因此要想使用 Portal 跨链桥通过以太坊等网络向 Aptos 网络转账,需提前在 Petra 钱包中准备好足够的 APT 作为 Gas 费,否则无法成功转账。

Portal 的界面交互动线清晰,使用体验比较不错,按照提示就可以完成跨链交易。此外,Aptos 上的资产转出到其他网络不需要等待,可即时到账。但非原生资产网页会有相关提示。

在与其他跨链协议对比的情况下做一个使用体验小结:

优点:使用体验较好,即时到账,跨链 gas 费相对较低,支持的网络较多。

缺点:2 月份被盗 3 亿美元,镜像资产类型的跨链桥会存在一定安全风险;部分流动性池可能缺乏深度。

3、Mover

官网:https://mov3r.xyz/

支持钱包:小狐狸、Pontem Wallet(Aptos)

现阶段支持的资产:ETH、USDC

现阶段可跨链网络:Ethereum(测试网阶段)。

除了以上两个已经部署 Aptos 主网的跨链桥,热度较高的还有 Aptos 原生跨链协议 Mover,其口号是「 EVM 网络和 Aptos 之间的第一座桥梁」(因为主网上线慢了一步,「第一个」就需要再掂量一下了 :)

可参考官方发布的交互教程:

https://moverxyz.medium.com/movers-private-alpha-guide-e4c39dced57b

Mover 跨链桥目前还处于 Devnet 阶段,暂未上线主网,且只有此前被添加至白名单的用户才可以参与测试和交互。从 9 月 2 日推出社区激励计划,到 10 月 6 日开放测试网,候补名单就超过 10 万人,但是目前已经过了 Private Alpha 测试网注册时间,后来者暂无机会。

据团队介绍,在完成 Private Alpha 测试(于 10 月 24 日之后结束)后,Mover 将在 Aptos 主网上启动。

在技术方面,Mover 背后的创新在于其混合架构:轻客户端验证和执行安全多方阈值签名的节点网络可互换使用,以实现最大安全性,并允许更快地将新链添加到跨链桥。Mover 桥将使用轻客户端与支持的 EVM 区块链执行跨链消息传递。对于非 EVM 链,交易将通过执行安全多方计算 (MPC) 的节点网络执行,以达成阈值共识。

MPC 节点将验证并共同签署交易。在初始启动后不久,MPC 节点将由不同的实体运营,包括 Aptos 生态系统中的核心开发者、社区和其他利益相关者。

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