明明没有支持率，为什么Luke这些人还要分叉比特币？BIP-100已经宣布失败！

marsbitPublicado em 2026-08-11Última atualização em 2026-08-11

Resumo

8月8日，比特币网络因BIP-110提案出现分叉。该提案旨在通过共识规则严格限制区块中的数据大小，以应对铭文（如Ordinals）带来的区块链膨胀问题。然而，在分叉前的信号阶段，BIP-110仅获得约2.53%的矿工支持。 分叉后，运行BIP-110规则的节点形成了独立的链，但其算力极低，出块速度远慢于保持原有规则的主链。BIP-110的推动者（包括开发者Luke Dashjr）采用了UASF（用户激活软分叉）策略，即依靠节点和经济体先采纳新规则，迫使矿工跟随。但目前看来，这一策略并未成功，主链仍在正常运行。 BIP-110链即使能继续存在并激活其规则，也面临漫长的时间门槛。由于算力低，它可能需要近两年时间才能完成难度调整并正式激活规则，这甚至超过了其规则原计划约一年的执行期。 对普通持币者而言，比特币主链规则未变，交易和资产不受影响。风险主要集中于使用BIP-110后端的服务，可能面临链间状态不同和交易重放问题。目前，BIP-110并未在比特币主网激活，只是创造了一条低算力的分叉链。

作者:比特币橙子Trader

支持率只有2.53%,BIP-110还是把比特币分叉了:它能成功吗?

8月8日,比特币网络出现了两条互不兼容的链。

更反常的是,推动这次分叉的BIP-110,在此前一个2016块周期里只获得了51个区块的信号支持,支持率仅为2.53%。但区块高度走到961632后,运行BIP-110的节点还是按照预定规则,开始拒绝所有未打bit 4信号的区块。

多数矿工没有支持,继续在原来的规则上出块。少数执行BIP-110的节点和矿工则留在另一条链上。截至北京时间8月9日9:00,累计工作量更高的主链已经走到961654,BIP-110执行链停在961633,落后21个区块;主链进入新周期后的前23个区块,没有一个为它发出信号。

这不是一场势均力敌的算力大战。主链在正常前进,BIP-110链则因为算力太低,出块速度明显跟不上。

谁在推动这次分叉?

BIP-110由化名开发者Dathon Ohm提出,Luke Dashjr参与了早期草案和技术建议。它的参考实现基于Luke维护的Bitcoin Knots,没有被Bitcoin Core合并,也没有获得多数矿工支持。

它没有进入Bitcoin Core的主网升级路线,实际推动者是部分Knots节点运营者和少数矿工。这是一场UASF尝试:即使矿工没有达到足够的信号支持,节点仍然可以主动收紧自己接受区块的规则,迫使网络作出选择。

这群人为什么一定要推BIP-110?

背景还是持续多年的铭文争议。

Ordinals、BRC-20和Runes把图片、文本以及代币数据写进比特币区块。支持这些用途的人认为,区块空间本来就是一个手续费市场,谁愿意付费,矿工就可以打包什么。BIP-110的支持者则认为,比特币首先应该是货币和支付网络,大量任意数据会增加区块链体积,让所有全节点长期承担存储、带宽、验证和传播成本。

数据发布者只支付一次手续费,但数据进入区块后,全球节点都要长期保存。发布者和矿工完成了一次交易,后续成本却留给了整个网络。BIP-110想把这个矛盾从"节点愿不愿意转发、矿池愿不愿意打包"的策略问题,直接变成共识规则。

它计划在激活后临时执行大约一年。普通新输出脚本大多不能超过34字节,OP_RETURN上限为83字节,数据推送和部分见证元素不能超过256字节,同时关闭若干可能被用来承载数据的Taproot构造。旧UTXO获得豁免,常规支付交易大多不受影响。

反对者担心的也不只是铭文还能不能发。BIP-110把部分交易用途从手续费市场问题变成了有效或无效的共识判断,可能影响Miniscript、BitVM和未来使用Taproot的协议。它也无法彻底消灭链上数据,使用者仍可以拆分数据、更换编码,只是成本更高、操作更复杂。

明明支持率这么低,为什么还要强推?

因为BIP-110支持者并不认为矿工信号等于最终投票。在UASF的逻辑里,节点有权决定什么区块有效;如果足够多的用户、钱包、交易所和支付服务都执行新规则,矿工为了避免挖出没人接受的区块,最终也会跟随。

BIP-110把矿工锁定门槛设为55%,低于传统BIP9常见的95%。更激进的部分在后面:即使此前长期达不到门槛,从961632到963647仍然会进入强制信号期。BIP-110节点会把不打bit 4信号的区块判为无效,自己的链到963648后进入锁定,再走一个2016块周期,计划于965664正式执行数据限制。

它赌的是节点和经济主体会先站队,算力随后被迫跟进。现在的链上结果显示,这个赌注暂时没有兑现。多数矿工继续扩展原链,运行BIP-110的节点只能在一条低算力分支上等待自己的区块。

当前发生的也只是信号规则分叉。34、83、256字节这些数据限制并没有在比特币主网生效,BIP-110链甚至还没有走到正式锁定和执行阶段。

它还有可能成功吗?

要分成两件事看。

只要还有矿工愿意出块,BIP-110链就可以继续存在,并最终在自己的链高上激活规则。可它想成为经济意义上的比特币主链,还需要持续算力,以及交易所、钱包、托管平台、Lightning服务和持币者的共同认可。节点可以拒绝主链区块,却不能单靠拒绝让其他人承认自己的链。

时间也是它面前的一道硬门槛。BIP-110链分出去时继承了主网的挖矿难度,比特币每2016块才调整一次难度,单次最多下调4倍。如果用此前2.53%的信号率粗略估算执行链算力,它走完第一个周期可能需要约553天;难度下调后,再走到正式激活还需要约138天,合计接近690天,约为1.9年。

这个数字不是确定日期。新的算力加入后,时间可以大幅缩短。但它说明,BIP-110即使能在自己的链上激活,也可能先经历一段非常漫长的低速期。激活前的等待,甚至可能长过规则原计划约一年的执行时间。

普通持币者目前不需要把这件事理解成"比特币规则已经改变"。

累计工作量最高的主链仍按原有规则运行,2100万枚上限、已有余额和日常支付都没有变化。风险主要集中在使用BIP-110后端的节点、钱包和服务商:两条链看到的确认状态不同,而且这次分叉没有专门的重放保护,同一笔普通交易可能在两边都有效。

目前的结果:BIP-110没有在比特币主网激活,它先制造了一条算力很低的执行链。

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Perguntas relacionadas

QBIP-110的目的是什么？

ABIP-110的目的是通过修改比特币共识规则，限制区块中非支付数据的存储，以解决铭文（如Ordinals、BRC-20）等任意数据写入比特币区块链导致网络存储和验证成本增加的问题。它试图将数据存储问题从手续费市场策略转变为共识规则，确保比特币主要作为货币和支付网络使用。

Q为什么BIP-110的支持率很低（仅2.53%），但推动者仍坚持分叉？

A推动者遵循UASF（用户激活软分叉）逻辑，认为节点和用户（如钱包、交易所）的共识比矿工信号更重要。他们相信如果足够多的经济主体执行新规则，矿工最终会跟随以避免挖出无效区块。因此，即使矿工支持率低，他们仍通过节点强制执行新规则，试图迫使网络选择其链。

QBIP-110链目前面临哪些主要挑战？

ABIP-110链面临算力极低、出块速度慢的挑战，截至文章时间已落后主链21个区块。此外，它缺乏交易所、钱包等经济主体的广泛认可，且没有重放保护，可能导致交易在两条链上同时有效。更重要的是，其挖矿难度调整周期长，可能需要约1.9年才能正式激活规则，期间可能经历漫长的低速期。

QBIP-110如果激活，会对比特币生态产生哪些潜在影响？

ABIP-110若激活，将严格限制新交易脚本的数据大小（如普通输出不超过34字节，OP_RETURN不超过83字节），可能影响铭文、BitVM、Miniscript及未来基于Taproot的协议发展。但它无法彻底消除链上数据，用户仍可通过拆分数据等方式规避限制，只是成本更高。旧UTXO和常规支付交易基本不受影响。

Q普通比特币持币者目前需要担心BIP-110分叉吗？

A普通持币者目前无需过度担心，因为累计工作量最高的主链仍按原有规则运行，比特币的2100万上限、余额和支付功能均未变化。风险主要集中于使用BIP-110后端的节点和服务商，它们可能面临链分裂导致的确认状态差异。但整体上，这次分叉尚未改变比特币主网的共识规则。

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