“牛市尾声”的蛛丝马迹:“牛尾”最肥与人人看涨

深潮Publicado em 2025-10-11Última atualização em 2025-10-12

“坏消息就是好消息”的危险信号。

本周五美股全线崩盘,纳指跌超3%半年最惨,市场嗅到了危险的气息。

牛市快走到尾声了吗?华尔街传奇投资者Paul Tudor Jones这两天警告称,市场可能还会迎来一轮强劲上涨,但同时也进入了牛市的最后阶段。他认为,涨幅会预先集中兑现,随后将是剧烈的逆转。

这种模式是所有投机性市场阶段和“融涨”最终的共同归宿。“融涨”(melt-up)时刻,通常伴随着最丰厚的回报和最剧烈的波动,也预示着风险正在加速积聚。

当前市场心理或已变得愈发脆弱。资深投资者Leon Cooperman援引股神巴菲特的警告指出,当市场进入一个无论何种策略都能赚钱的阶段时,人群的行为便从理性投资转向“害怕错过”(FOMO)。在他看来,当前的涨势已脱离盈利或利率等基本面支撑,纯粹由价格上涨本身驱动。

更值得警惕的是,据彭博分析师Simon White观察,市场已进入“坏消息就是好消息”的危险模式。在此阶段,疲软的经济数据反而会刺激股市上涨,因为投资者押注美联储将因此放松货币政策。这一反常现象,在过去几次主要市场顶部出现前都曾上演。

最后的狂欢?历史与1999年惊人相似

当前的市场环境,与1999年的互联网泡沫时期存在惊人的相似之处。Paul Tudor Jones指出,牛市的最后一年往往能产生最可观的收益,但同时也伴随着波动的加剧。

正如RealInvestmentAdvice.com的文章所分析,每个泡沫的核心都有一个故事。1999年的故事是互联网,而2025年的故事则是人工智能,两者都带来了重塑产业、引爆生产力的巨大想象空间。

这种相似性体现在心理层面。当时,投资者因“害怕错过”而涌入市场,推动思科等公司的市盈率超过100倍。如今,“如果AI将改变一切,你就不能不拥有它”的叙事,正驱动着同样的行为。

尽管充裕的流动性、庞大的财政赤字和全球央行的降息仍在为牛市提供支撑,但这些因素也恰恰是造成市场不稳定的根源。当几乎所有资产类别——从大盘股到黄金、比特币——都创下历史新高并高度相关时,一次逆转可能引发连锁反应。

“巴菲特指标”亮红灯与叙事风险

当市场由叙事而非基本面驱动时,风险便悄然而至。Leon Cooperman警告,投资者买入只是因为价格在上涨,这种行为“从来没有好结果”。

衡量市场总市值与GDP之比的“巴菲特指标”已突破200%,超过了历史上的所有极端水平,暗示股市与实体经济已严重脱节。

风险在于,当所有人都为自己持有的资产上涨编织“合理化叙事”时,共识已变得极度拥挤。正如投资大师Bob Farrell所言:“当所有专家和预测都一致时,别的事情即将发生。”

目前,几乎所有投资者都预期价格会继续走高,这种单边押注使得市场对任何微小的利空消息都异常敏感,可能引发不成比例的剧烈反应。

“坏消息就是好消息”的危险信号

据彭博的Simon White分析,市场进入“坏消息就是好消息”的模式,是顶部正在形成的一个重要特征。投资者对经济放缓视而不见,反而因预期美联储将出手救市而欢呼。历史数据显示,在过去三次主要市场顶部出现前,以及2011年和2015年的市场顶部之前,都曾出现过这种机制。

不过,该分析也提出了两点告诫。首先,这一机制可能持续数月市场才会真正迎来回调。

其次,在过去二十年中,这种模式也曾在牛市中期出现。

但考虑到当前潜在的AI领域过度投资、创纪录的估值和日益增长的投机泡沫,没有人敢断定这只是“中场休息”。

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