以太坊再提上调Gas Limit至6000万,扩容路径渐显清晰

marsbitPublicado em 2025-06-03Última atualização em 2025-06-04

过去,很多人对于 ETH 的 TPS (每秒转账数)的印象仍停留在“每秒 15 笔”。然而,随着持续的协议优化,以太坊目前的 TPS 峰值已提升至约 60,提升幅度达 4 倍。

以太坊

尽管这一变化跟多年以来的持续优化有关,但是要论最直接的原因,还要*归功于*简单而有效地将 GAS Limit 从曾经的 1500 万上限调到 3600 万上限。


而最近,ETH 即将再次提高 GAS Limit 到 6000 万上限。

什么是 GAS Limit?

我们每个人使用 ETH 都需要支付 Gas 作为交易费用。Gas Limit,顾名思义,就是每个区块所能容纳的 Gas 上限。这个上限越高,区块能处理的交易就越多,网络速度也就随之提升。

在众多扩容路径中,提高 Gas Limit 可以说是最立竿见影的方式。

更关键的是,这一调整不需要进行硬分叉,因为 Gas Limit 是以太坊中的动态参数,PoS 节点可以在现有协议规则下进行微调。

换句话说,协议本身就允许每个新区块的生产者在 ±1/1024 的范围内相较于父区块调整 Gas Limit,这本身就是共识机制的一部分。这也与比特币将区块大小固定为 1MB 的机制截然不同。

所以提高 Gas Limit 并不需要系统升级或代码修改,只要 PoS 节点在出块时持续“发信号”支持,便能推动网络逐步采纳这一变更。目前以太坊全网有超过 100 万个验证者,只要达到一定的支持比例,网络就会自动过渡到新的 Gas 上限,并确保所有节点的兼容性。

截至目前,已经有约 15% 的验证者选择支持 6000 万 Gas 的设置。Ebunker 也已参与支持,作为非托管节点服务提供方,我们始终关注以太坊网络性能与去中心化之间的平衡。由于这是一个自愿过程,因此仍有相当一部分节点维持在旧版本(例如 3000 万)的配置。

以太坊


提高 Gas Limit 并不代表 PoS 节点能赚更多的钱,实际上,大概率是赚得更少。

自 EIP-1559 上线以来,以太坊的 Base Fee 会被直接销毁,验证者只能赚取用户主动附加的小费。而 Gas Limit 一旦提高,意味着整个网络的处理能力增强,交易拥堵减少,竞争小费的压力也随之减弱,小费金额自然也会下降。因此,从某种程度上说,Gas Limit 提高反而让验证者的收入变少,而 ETH 的销毁量则进一步增加。

因此,在这样的激励机制下,仍然选择支持 6000 万 Gas Limit 的验证者,可以说是大公无私。

此外,最近社区还提出了一个颇具争议的提案 EIP-9698。该提案建议在未来四年内将 Gas Limit 从 3600 万提升至 36 亿,目标是将以太坊的 TPS 提高至约 2000,直指当前高性能链 Solana。然而,这一设想显然有些激进。

理论上,只要节点的硬件性能足够强,Gas Limit 确实可以不断上调。但现实是,以太坊网络拥有超过 100 万个活跃验证者,需要兼顾广泛的参与者。而其他一些高性能公链的验证者数量仅在百级规模,二者之间的差距高达万倍。

以太坊

即便是本轮将 Gas Limit 从 3600 万提升至 6000 万的提议,也是在 Pectra 升级带来执行负载优化之后,才得以进入网络调整节奏。

根据 ethpandaops 的研究,在 Gas Limit 提高至 6000 万后,约 90% 的区块能在 1016 毫秒内首次被发现。与此前相比,区块传播延迟略有增加,但仍处于可接受范围之内

以太坊

然而,以太坊网络中有 66% 的节点需要在 4 秒内完整接收区块及其附带的 blob 数据,才能确保区块被视为有效。基于这一传播限制,测试网推算出的 Gas Limit 上限理论值约为 1.5 亿。因此,在当前架构下,EIP-9698 的愿景短期内难以落地

当然,若未来以太坊实行“大节点 / 小节点”架构,例如允许质押 2048 ETH 的节点处理更高负载、而 32 ETH 节点处理较小区块,或许会为进一步扩容打开新的空间。

所以,虽然大家时常调侃 ETH Gas Price 不断创新低,“贵族链”早已不复存在,但这或许并非仅因市场变化,而是以太坊本身确实正在变得更快、更高效、也更加亲民

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