猜测区块链未来五年发展的几个潜在方向和目标

深潮Publicado em 2024-09-02Última atualização em 2024-09-02

未来的主旋律应是稳定币的崛起、现有资产的上链和隐私保护的深化。

撰文:黄世亮

最近区块链行业有点低迷,价格低迷,但和担心价格相比,我觉得整个区块链大社区好像失去了发展方向,这才是更令人担心的。

我感觉今年 x 上讨论时间最久、最剧烈之一的主题是 meme 币是不是合理的讨论,包括 V 神、各大主流 VC、KOL 等都加入了论战。

主要的观点是,一方认为 meme 是区块链的噪音甚至是负面的东西;另一方则认为 meme 才是代表了加密数字货币和区块链的本质。

另外一个大焦点是,美联储、sec 和华尔街等等这些组织机构已经成为了币圈核心焦点了。且不论加密数字货币的初心是不是反这些机构的,但行业都围绕这些机构转来转去,似乎也意味着行业失去了主心骨,而是自甘沦为美帝的一种政策工具。

我并不想参与这两个大焦点的是非讨论之中,我只是拿这两个现象来论证区块链大社区好像失去了发展方向,正在陷入一些不重要的细节纠纷当中。

在 n 年前(2016 年前后),比特币扩容几乎成为了整个区块链行业的唯一重要的事,但以太坊却偷偷猥琐发育成功完成了区块链最重大的一系列创新,包括智能合约、defi、rollup 这些重大改变行业的发明。

从现在回顾当时比特币的扩容讨论,其实那根本不是什么重要的事,就是行业发展道路上的小插曲。而那几年里,智能合约、defi 等的发展才是正宗主旋律。

我感觉,现在区块链大行业集中精力搞的 meme,和,花如此之大精力围着美联储转,都是行业发展道路上的小插曲。主旋律是下面这些。

我认为行业真正的大方向,并且大概率未来 5 年会成功实现的目标是下面三个。

1.稳定币会在全球经济活动当中占据一个非常重要的地位,如果非得找数据来猜的话,我觉得可以是

1)稳定币的总量会超过 1 万亿美元;2)稳定币的交易量能占到全球贸易结算的 10%。

链上的稳定币实在是太好用了,有区块链和法币的双重优点,并且还剔除了法币的重大的缺陷。

稳定币对比最重要的优点有效率高,远远高于银行转账,特别是在面对国界这个限制时链上稳定币的优势几乎是秒杀级别的。

稳定币的交易成本对比法币也是非常明显的。

还有一个重大的优点就是 nokyc 这一套,当然这个有点政治不正确。

我觉得这些优点,在国际贸易当中,对比法币是好 10 倍以上的。

一方面稳定币的总量会大幅度上涨,5 年内达到 1 万亿美元的数量应该不难。

另一方面,稳定币的种类也将会变的更多,大概率会复制现有国际贸易的主流货币的种类,如除了占据绝对主导地位的美元稳定币外,还会有欧元稳定币,人民币稳定币,英镑日元等稳定币。

这是区块链大行业非常值得去追求的目标。

2.我觉得区块链行业未来五年会有大发展的另一方向是会有更多的现有资产上链,就是 RWA。其实就是把股票、基金、债券和保险这些在现在的证券交易所交易的产品弄到链上来交易。

对标现在的 BTC 和 ETH 的 ETF 来定义,我觉得与其称之为 RWA,不如称之为股票债券等的反向 ETF。

BTC 和 ETH 的 ETF 是将链上的资产变成现在的证券交易所能交易的产品,而股票 token 化也可以采用类似的 ETF 机制,只不过是和 ETF 反过来,将股票等托管在某个基金公司,然后发行对应的 token 上链。

链上资产的好处 vs 证券交易所的资产,前者也是十倍级别的好。

链上的资产可以在 defi 里如鱼得水。

股票发展了几百年了,积累了一些内生性问题,买股票在绝大多数人来说都是只能以更高价卖出去,股票没有别的用处,解决这些问题需要引入外部创新,区块链就是可借用的力量之一。

币,可以参与 defi 的种种机制。特别是用户可以铸 Lptoken 这样的流动性资金池来赚取交易手续费,可以将币注入借贷资金资以赚取利息。

试问,你的股票啥时候可以借给别人赚点利息呢?

其实在用过区块链后,目前的证券交易所这一套玩法是完全过时的。

纳斯达克就应该自己在以太坊上发行一个 rollup,然后构建一个链上的纳斯达克 dex。

3.我觉得第三个行业大方向和目标是强化隐私保护,这已经是迫在眉睫了。

区块链在透明性上是做到了极致,但这给保护隐私带来了麻烦。

随着 ETF 的落地,现在整个行业越来越有美国化的倾向,区块链有可能就成为了美元的一个工具,美国执法力量很可能会完全渗透进链上。区块链许诺给用户的去中心化、抗审查、无须许可等特性可能会在美元化的背景下被强制性剥夺。

一个隐私保护的方向是 zk,这是以太坊生态的强项。

但,其实我主观感觉,以太坊生态在这一方向上投入越来越敷衍。现在它们拿 zk 来做 rollup,这不是保护隐私。真正的保护隐私是拿 zk 来隐藏或搞混交易细节,让交易变得更难追踪,让交易内容变得不那么透明。

自从龙卷风项目被执法后,以太坊生态好像还没有涌现出真正的扛起保护隐私大旗的项目了。反而在配合审查方向上越来越乖,比如 makerDao 的 Dai,升级成了 sky 的 usds 后就具备了黑名单功能。

另一个隐私保护的方向是以比特币为代表的 UTXO 生态发展起来,UTXO 技术整体在隐私保护上还是优于以太坊的账户制。起码到现在为止还没有看到 UTXO 黑名单技术。

隐私保护是 bitcoin core 开发者特别注重的,但 Core 的保守同时也带来了比特币的可编程性太弱的缺点,也就是搞不了 tokenize 和 defi。

虽然经常我们都能看到在比特币生态上冒出来各种发行资产的方案,各种二层啥的以提高可编程性。但我觉得这些都属于是社区表达了强烈的愿望,至今还没有看到真正去中心化的解决方案。

其他 UTXO 链,也就 BCH 生态愿意发展这些技术,还有微弱的希望,而其他如 LTC,doge 等,都毫无竞争的意识。

没有 token 化技术和 defi,那整个生态就不够繁荣了。

总的来说,UTXO 派系技术并没有重视这一切。很可能,希望还得落在以太上。

以上三个方向,我觉得唯一值得担心的就是隐私保护,现在看来确实没有强大的力量在推动这个方向。

稳定币达到 1 万亿美元,反向 ETF 运动,我觉得这是接下来五年必然会实现的。

而且大概率隐私保护这个方向也最终会成功。

你要问为什么?答案就是对去中心化的信仰。

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