市场低迷,加密矿业公司转向股权融资

深潮Publicado em 2024-09-02Última atualização em 2024-09-02

自 2023 年第四季度以来,矿业公司越来越多地通过发行股票来为其运营融资。

作者:Igor K

编译:深潮TechFlow

加密矿工正在减少对债务的依赖,转而通过稀释股票来支持他们在 AI 和高性能计算 (HPC) 领域的目标,但这种策略的回报仍然不确定。

比特币挖矿公司的债转股变化

2022 年的加密货币寒冬导致主要的比特币矿工因过度依赖债务融资而申请破产。大多数上市矿工的债务与股本比率超过四,而超过二通常被认为是不可持续的。从 2022 年第三季度开始,比特币挖矿行业开始清理贷款。唯一的例外是 2024 年第二季度,由于对 Hut 8 的 1.5 亿美元投资,使得该季度的数据有所偏差。

在加密挖矿业务中,通过降低杠杆,公司能够减少因利率上升而增加的债务服务成本,并改善其信用状况。此外,降低的债务水平让矿工能够更加专注于战略发展,例如拓展高性能计算 (HPC) 或开发财务管理策略。

自 2023 年第四季度以来,矿业公司越来越多地通过发行股票来为其运营融资。从 2023 年第三季度到 2024 年第二季度,筹集了超过 49 亿美元,比前三个季度多出 300%。最大增幅出现在 2024 年第一季度,筹集了近 20 亿美元。

比特币矿工筹集资金主要用于硬件升级,以应对第四次减半导致的利润率压缩。公司需要将设备升级为更高效的型号,以弥补降低的奖励。

矿工将业务多元化,涉足高性能计算 (HPC),包括人工智能计算,使他们更容易获得股权资金。接入美国电网的等待时间平均为五年,但比特币矿工已经接入,这为他们在 HPC 领域提供了竞争优势。虽然将比特币挖矿基础设施转换为 HPC 数据中心需要投资,但客户通常愿意提供股权融资,从而降低资本成本。

多元化:AI 和 HPC 作为新的收入来源

包括 TeraWulf、Iris Energy、Hut 8、Core Scientific 和 Hive 在内的几家公司已经开始进军 HPC 和 AI 领域。目前,HPC 和 AI 的收入仅占其总收入的 1.43%,但随着 AI 需求的持续增长,这一比例预计将会增加。

采用 HPC 和 AI 策略的公司,其估值增长超过那些未采用 HPC 和 AI 策略的公司。截至第二季度末,参与 AI 和 HPC 的矿工的股票价值较年初增长了 25%,而传统矿工则下降了 3%。

这些矿业公司在 HPC 和 AI 领域能获得多少市场份额仍是未知数,但竞争相当激烈。目前,这一行业由三大巨头——Amazon Web Services、Microsoft Azure 和 Google Cloud 主导,它们合计控制了 63% 的市场份额。随着比特币矿业公司进军这一领域,他们将在这个已经竞争激烈的行业中面临重大的挑战。

Marathon Digital 的比特币持有策略

尽管大多数比特币矿工通过更新设备或多元化进入 HPC 来获得资金,Marathon Digital 则计划利用新资本购买更多比特币。在 7 月 25 日的公告中,Marathon 宣布购买价值 1 亿美元的比特币,并转向完全持有策略,这反映了公司对比特币长期价值的信心。

投资者对此表示怀疑。8 月 12 日,该公司披露了发行 2.5 亿美元可转换债券的计划,但当天股价下跌。股权投资者可能担心 Marathon 对比特币价格的依赖增加。此外,他们也担心如果发行的债务转换为股权,可能导致其持股被稀释。

尽管最近进行了购买,Marathon 的比特币持有量仅占其市值的约 30%。而对于 MicroStrategy,这一比例超过 50%,并有可能进一步增加,因为该公司最近提交了 20 亿美元的股权计划。历史上,MicroStrategy 一直通过股权融资来积累比特币,这一策略似乎正在奏效。截至 2024 年第二季度末,该公司拥有超过 226,000 枚比特币,平均购买价格为 36,789 美元。

Leituras Relacionadas

Hot Takes|Why Did the Famous "Tech Lead" Dump All His Bitcoin? The "Investment Whiz Kid" is Here!

**Weekly Spicy Review: Tech Lead's Bitcoin Bust, Reddit Meme, and Trump's Crypto Cash** This week's "Spicy Review" covers three notable incidents from the crypto world. **1. A Tech Lead Learns the Hard Way:** A former Google and Meta technical lead, Patrick Shyu, went viral after revealing he was forced to liquidate all his Bitcoin holdings. He suffered massive losses due to excessive leverage during Bitcoin's sharp decline from $120k to $60k. He shared critical observations: crypto trading often hinges on attention, not fundamentals; Bitcoin lacks a stable source of public focus; the AI boom is diverting capital; and Bitcoin faces structural risks like centralization of code maintenance and quantum computing threats. Despite his short-term exit, he remains a long-term believer. **2. Reddit Roasts the "Investment Whiz":** A popular meme on Reddit's CryptoCurrency subreddit depicted MicroStrategy's Michael Saylor looking down from a balcony. The caption joked about his relentless focus on buying Bitcoin with corporate funds, contrasting with average investors' mundane concerns. The post sparked humorous commentary on his high-risk, high-conviction strategy. **3. Trump's $1.4 Billion Crypto Haul:** The White House's financial disclosure revealed former President Donald Trump earned at least $1.4 billion from cryptocurrency activities in a year, contributing to a total income of over $2.2 billion. This windfall stands in stark contrast to the performance of "TrumpCoin" (officially DJT), which plummeted over 97% from its peak, reportedly causing investor losses exceeding $2 billion. Critics, like California Governor Gavin Newsom, accused Trump of profiting while his supporters suffered losses. The week highlighted a mix of painful lessons learned from leverage, community humor at industry figures, and the stark realities of political figures capitalizing on the crypto market.

Foresight NewsHá 5m

Hot Takes|Why Did the Famous "Tech Lead" Dump All His Bitcoin? The "Investment Whiz Kid" is Here!

Foresight NewsHá 5m

How Far Are We from the End of the Crypto Bear Market?

How Much Longer Until the Crypto Bear Market Ends? A persistent negative Coinbase Bitcoin Premium Index, reaching a record 46 consecutive days of negative values, underscores the ongoing crypto bear market. The downturn accelerated in late May/early June when MicroStrategy (referred to as "Strategy" in the text), a major BTC holder, sold a small amount of Bitcoin (32 BTC), shattering market confidence and triggering sharp declines in BTC, ETH, and SOL. This was compounded by sustained net outflows from US spot Bitcoin ETFs. June saw Bitcoin briefly fall below $60,000, its worst weekly performance since 2022, breaking below the critical 200-week moving average—a signal some analysts consider confirmation of a bear market. While some institutional analyses in mid-June suggested the bottom might be near (e.g., around $53,600 based on realized price, or a potential end during the 2026 World Cup summer), further price drops quickly disproved these optimistic forecasts. Key bear market indicators include: the severe de-pegging of MicroStrategy's preferred shares (STRC) from their $100 NAV, which later recovered partly due to company stabilization plans; a record number of BTC (over 10.83 million) and a significant portion of long-term ETH holders now in unrealized loss; and Bitcoin's price trading below its 200-week moving average. Predictions for the bear market's end vary. Some, like investor Yilihua, suggest July-August 2026 could present a final buying opportunity. Others, like miner Jiang Zhu'o'er, predict a bottom between $42,000-$44,000 in October-December 2026, based on the historical lag between MicroStrategy's mNAV ratio bottom and Bitcoin's price bottom. Technical indicators like the BTC 4-year average price index dipped briefly below 1, and the Coinbase Premium Index remains negative, suggesting a need for a price rebound to around $77,000 for a return to positive territory. In the absence of major external catalysts, the consensus leans toward the bear market persisting for another 2-3 months, with late September to early October 2026 being a potential turning point window.

Odaily星球日报Há 1h

How Far Are We from the End of the Crypto Bear Market?

Odaily星球日报Há 1h

Trading

Spot
活动图片